Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Affinity Chromatography and Solid-Phase Enzyme Processing.

Nowadays, monolithic stationary phases, because of their special morphology and enormous permeability, are widely used for the development and realization of fast dynamic and static processes based on the mass transition between liquid and solid phases. These are liquid chromatography, solid-phase synthesis, microarrays, flow-through enzyme reactors, etc. High-performance liquid chromatography on monoliths, including the bioaffinity mode, represents unique technique appropriate for fast and efficient separation of biological (macro)molecules of different sizes and shapes (proteins, nucleic acids, peptides), as well as such supramolecular systems as viruses.

Quasi-spectral characterization of intracellular regions in bright-field light microscopy images.

Investigation of cell structure is hardly imaginable without bright-field microscopy. Numerous modifications such as depth-wise scanning or videoenhancement make this method being state-of-the-art. This raises a question what maximal information can be extracted from ordinary (but well acquired) bright-field images in a model-free way.

[Tumor-like amyloidosis of the upper respiratory tract].

The paper describes 11 cases of local tumor-like amyloidosis (LTA) of the upper respiratory tract, among which laryngeal amyloidosis was most common. The clinical diagnosis of suspected local amyloidosis was made in only two cases. The diagnosis of local amyloidosis was established at a morphological examination of a distant neoplasm, by using special Congo red staining followed by polarizing microscopy.

Enhanced Delivery of 4-Thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium Perchlorate in Tuberculosis Models with IgG Functionalized Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Particles.

The compound 4-thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate (perchlozone) is a novel anti-tuberculosis drug that is active in multiple drug resistance cases, but the compound is hepatotoxic. To decrease the systemic load and to achieve targeting, we encapsulated the drug into poly(lactic acid)-based micro- (1100 nm) and nanoparticles (170 nm) that were modified with single-chain camel immunoglobulin G (IgG) for targeting. Both micro- and nanoparticles formed stable suspensions in saline solution at particle concentrations of 10⁻50 mg/mL.

Affinity chromatography of proteins on monolithic columns.

At present, monolithic stationary phases, because of their morphology, are widely used for development and realization of fast dynamic and static processes based on mass transition between liquid and solid phases. These are liquid chromatography, solid phase synthesis, microarrays, flow-through enzyme reactors, etc. High-performance liquid chromatography on monoliths, including bioaffinity mode, represents a unique technique appropriate for fast and efficient separation of biological (macro)molecules of different sizes and shapes (proteins, nucleic acids, peptides), as well as such supramolecular systems as viruses.

Polymer monoliths as efficient solid phases for enzymatic polynucleotide degradation followed by fast HPLC analysis.

Two ribonuclease A bioreactors based on lab-made macroporous monolithic columns and intended for polynucleotide degradation were prepared using in situ free-radical polymerization. Different methods of enzyme immobilization were applied. In the first case, the biocatalyst molecule was attached to the solid surface via direct covalent binding, while in the second bioreactor the flexible-chain synthetic polymer was used as an intermediate spacer.

Synthetic polycation: polynucleotide interactions determined using liquid chromatography with short monolithic columns.

LC on short monolithic columns (Convective Interaction Medium Disks) was applied to investigate several specially synthesized water soluble polycations of different charge type (primary, tertiary, quaternary amine), as well as a copolymer of neutral saccharide and cationic monomers, regarding their ability to form reversible complexes with DNA. For this purpose, two separation modes were used, namely, pseudo-affinity and cation-exchange chromatography. Synthetic polynucleotides, namely, polyriboadenylic acid (poly(rA)) and polyribocytidylic acid (poly(rC)), were used as approximate structural analogues of DNA.

Chromatographic investigation of macromolecular affinity interactions.

High-performance monolithic disk affinity chromatography was applied to the investigation of formation of complexes between (1) complementary polyriboadenylic and polyribouridylic acids, e.g. poly(A) and poly(U), respectively, (2) poly(A) and synthetic polycation poly(allylamine), pAA.

Affinity processes realized on high-flow-through methacrylate-based macroporous monoliths.

The technology for preparation of rigid macroporous polymers suggested in the late 1980s has become a powerful instrument for the development of a novel scientific and practical field. At present, monolithic stationary phases are widely used in the processes of bioseparation (chromatography), bioconversion (enzyme reactors) as well as in other processes based on interphase mass distribution (for example, solid phase peptide and oligonucleotide synthesis). Bioaffinity modes of suggested dynamic methods are very promising for their use in different analytical processes (immunological, ecological, medical and other types of analytical monitoring), preparative isolation of blood proteins such as myoglobin, hemoglobin, immunoglobulins, etc.

[Choice of surgery scope in occlusive obstruction of the colon].

From 1980 five hundred and seventy-three patients underwent surgery for occlusive obstruction of the colon (OOC). Radical surgeries (left-sided hemicolonectomy, Hartman's surgery, subtotal colonectomy) were performed in 440 (77%) patients, 133 (23%) patients underwent palliative surgeries. One hundred and sixty-one patients of radically operated underwent one-stage surgeries (93 right-sided hemicolonectomies and 68 subtotal colonectomies).

In vitro comparison of complementary interactions between synthetic linear/branched oligo/poly-L-lysines and tissue plasminogen activator by means of high-performance monolithic-disk affinity chromatography.

The recently discovered serine protease called tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) enables efficient dissolution of blood clots. t-PA works by converting plasminogen into its active form, plasmin, dissolving the major component of blood clots, fibrin. The activation of plasminogen by t-PA is enhanced by the presence of fibrin, and this is probably due to the fact that both plasminogen and t-PA possess high affinity binding sites for fibrin.

[Toxicity of mushrooms Paxillus involutus and Paxillus atrotomentosus].

Thirty-eight patients with mushroom (Paxillus involutus and Paxillus atrotomentosus) poisoning were treated. Slight poisoning (acute gastroenteritis) was diagnosed in 17 patients, medium-severe in 13, severe in 6, and extremely severe in 2 patients. Changes in the LPO-AOD system correlated with the severity of hepatorenal involvement.

[Effect of activators for activated partial thromboplastin time test on its results in the tube and automated test versions].

Effects of activators used in combination with partial thromboplastin (PT), manufactured by the Kirov Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, on the results of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test and its sensitivity to heparin were studied. Kaolin manufactured in Russia and by Aldrich firm and silica from Sigma were used. The method was reproduced in tubes and on Organon Teknika photooptic coagulometers: semiautomatic Coag-A-Mate XM and automated Coag-A-Mate RA-4.

A new method for surgical treatment of the short bowel syndrome.

This study was aimed to investigate the electrophysiological and morphological characteristics resulting from the structural and functional transformation of gastric tissue transplanted to the small intestine. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were studied up to 3 years. Gastric transplants preserved its main microstructure and minimal compensatory-adaptive processes developed in the mucosa and muscle layers of the graft.

[Methods of autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in oncological and hematological patients].

The potential of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization with granulocyte (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) colony-stimulating factors of chemotherapy has been assessed in patients with tumor or hematological disease. The study was intended to aid PBSC transplantation. It was shown that G-CSF administration increased the number of leukocytes in leukemia patients dramatically while mononuclear cell and colony-forming unit levels in G-CSF-mobilised PBSC were significantly higher than those collected with GM-CSF or chemotherapy.

[Broadening of the organ specificity of the action of polynucleotide interferon inducers].

Interferon titers in the blood and brain of mice and their protection from the herpes virus were compared after the animal exposure to poly(G).poly(C) duplex, both native and modified with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II). It was shown that the duplex platination especially at the level of the poly(G) strand resulted in sharp rising of the interferon titers in the extracts of the animal brain and rearrangement of the types of interferon induced in the brain to predominance of gamma-interferon.

Quantitative fast fractionation of a pool of polyclonal antibodies by immunoaffinity membrane chromatography.

A new affinity method for the direct quantitative analysis of monospecific anti-peptide immunoglobulins (antibodies) and, simultaneously, their semi-preparative isolation from blood serum of the immunized animals has been developed. Immunoaffinity discs based on macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) were used as the supporting stationary phase. The specifically prepared synthetic peptides with biological activity imitating that of the immunoglobulin binding sites of various proteins were used as the selective ligands instead of native proteins.

[Antiviral activity of poly(A)-poly(U) duplexes modified with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II)].

Polyribonucleotide duplex poly(A).poly(U) was modified with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP). It was shown that the antiinfluenza protective activity of the modified duplex in mice increased with the degree of modification (rb) rising up to 0.

[Morphofunctional disorders in the small intestine in acute occlusive ileus].

Activity of liminal and membrane enzymes and morphologic state of small intestinal mucosa were studied in experimental acute occlusive ileus in rats. It was established that degenerative alterations of intestinal mucosa epithelium above the site of obstruction are more pronounced than in the distal part. The activity of membrane enzymes (invertase) remained unaltered during 72 hours after the obturation, however, serious morphologic damage of the intestinal mucosa epithelium and sharp suppression of the liminal digestion were observed.

[The transfusion aspects of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

Aim: Analysis of transplantations of allogenic bone marrow (BM) for determination of transfusiological problems arising in various types of donor's and recipient's blood ABO incompatibility.

Materials And Methods: 46 allogenic BM transplantations from relative donors are analysed. The following types of ABO incompatibility were identified: significant (12 donor-recipient pairs), insignificant (10 pairs), combined (2 pairs).

[The transplantation of hemopoietic cells in patients with solid tumors].

Aim: Evaluation of efficiency of bone marrow and peripheral stem cells transplantation in patients with solid tumors.

Materials And Methods: A total of 38 patients aged 30-40 years with stage III or IV solid tumors (15 cases of breast cancer, 5 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, 4 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, ovarian or testicular tumors, 3 cases of soft tissue sarcoma) underwent high-dose polychemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue. All the patients were resistant to the first line chemotherapy or were in relapse of the disease.

[Biological activity of the poly(G).poly(C) complex, modified by divalent platinum compounds].

Modification of poly(G).poly(C) with cys-diaminodichloroplatinum (cys-DDP) at the level of rb = 0.02 increased the in vivo antiviral and interferon-inducing activity of the complex, in contrast to the data reported for complex poly(G).

[Non-occlusive dyscirculatory intestinal necrosis ].

70 autopsy cases of NDIN are analysed. Necrosis in 85% of cases was observed against basic pathology, mainly cardiovascular diseases (45.7%) and after surgery in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Our first experience of transfusion support in allogenic bone marrow transplantations.

Incompatibility of blood group antigens in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) requires the depletion of red blood cells from donor bone marrow in order to avoid fatal transfusion reactions. We purified 72 human bone marrows prior to transplantation from red blood cells by a modified method using simple centrifugation and sedimentation in 6% dextran. Small-volume samples (n = 4) were prediluted with compatible homologous red blood cells to reduce the loss of stem cells during the preparation steps.