Introducing exceptional growth mining-Analyzing the impact of soil characteristics on on-farm crop growth and yield variability.

Sustainable intensification of agriculture requires understanding of the effect of soil characteristics and nutrient supply on crop growth. As farms are increasing in size by acquiring small fields from various farmers, the soil characteristics and nutrient supply might be very different from field to field, while at the same time specific soil properties might limit the nutrient uptake. As a result, there might be a large number of heterogeneous reasons why crop growth varies significantly.

Single Spin Asymmetries from a Single Wilson Loop.

We study the leading-power gluon transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) of relevance to the study of asymmetries in the scattering off transversely polarized hadrons. Next-to-leading-order perturbative calculations of these TMDs show that at large transverse momentum they have common dynamical origins but that in the limit of a small longitudinal momentum fraction x, only one origin remains. We find that in this limit, only the dipole-type gluon TMDs survive and become identical to each other.

Color entanglement for azimuthal asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process.

In the resummation of collinear gluons emitted together with active partons from the hadrons in the Drell-Yan process, effects of color entanglement become important when the transverse directions are taken into account. It is then no longer possible to write the cross section as the convolution of two soft correlators and a hard part. We show that the color entanglement introduces additional color factors that must be taken into account in the extraction of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions from azimuthal asymmetries.

TMDlib and TMDplotter: library and plotting tools for transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions.

Transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) are extensions of collinear parton distributions and are important in high-energy physics from both theoretical and phenomenological points of view. In this manual we introduce the library [Formula: see text], a tool to collect transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) and fragmentation functions (TMD FFs) together with an online plotting tool, TMDplotter. We provide a description of the program components and of the different physical frameworks the user can access via the available parameterisations.

Direct probes of linearly polarized gluons inside unpolarized hadrons.

We show that linearly polarized gluons inside unpolarized hadrons can be directly probed in jet or heavy quark pair production in electron-hadron collisions. We discuss the simplest cos2ϕ asymmetries and estimate their maximal value, concluding that measurements of the unknown linearly polarized gluon distribution in the proton should be feasible in future Electron-Ion Collider or Large Hadron electron Collider experiments. Analogous asymmetries in hadron-hadron collisions suffer from factorization breaking contributions and would allow us to quantify the importance of initial- and final-state interactions.

Sivers single-spin asymmetry in photon-jet production.

We study a weighted asymmetry in the azimuthal distribution of photon-jet pairs produced in the process pp-->gamma jet X with a transversely polarized proton. We focus on the contribution of the Sivers effect only, considering experimental configurations accessible at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We show that predictions for the asymmetry, obtained in terms of gluonic-pole cross sections calculable in perturbative QCD, can be tested and clearly discriminated from those based on a generalized parton model, involving standard partonic cross sections.

Bounds on transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions.

We give bounds on the distribution and fragmentation functions that appear at leading order in deep inelastic one-particle inclusive leptoproduction or in Drell-Yan processes. These bounds simply follow from positivity of the defining matrix elements and are an important guidance in estimating the magnitude of the azimuthal and spin asymmetries in these processes.