Various protecting groups have been developed for boronic acids, mostly based on diols. Alternatives include trifluoroborates and amine complexes, which offer easier synthesis and release under milder conditions. We present here a new strategy involving photocleavable protecting groups for boronic and borinic acids, based on the 2-nitrobenzyl motif.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychon Bull Rev
February 2025
Literate adults are able to produce the same word in different language modalities-for instance, through speaking and writing. Yet how speaking and writing interact is not well understood. The present study takes a new perspective on the question of the co-activation of phonological and orthographic representations in speaking and writing by examining the acquisition of novel words.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The second cycle of medical studies is a key time for developing interpersonal skills and the doctor-patient relationship. High-fidelity simulation is an initial learning option that enables learners to confront situations involving empathy.
Methods: This is a feedback report from May 2023 on the implementation of simulation as a training tool for 2nd cycle medical students in the announcement consultation.
Contextual similarity between targets and competitors, whether semantic or phonological, often leads to behavioral interference in language production. It has been assumed that resolving such interference relies on control processes similar to those involved in tasks such as Stroop. This article tests this assumption by comparing the electrophysiological signatures of interference resulting from a contextual similarity versus a Stroop-like manipulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA fluorescent cage receptor for the detection of choline in pseudophysiological medium is described. Not only does this capsule complex choline with an association constant greater than 9.9 × 10 M in buffered medium but it is also selective toward acetylcholine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In the context of personalized medicine, screening patients to identify targetable molecular alterations is essential for therapeutic decisions such as inclusion in clinical trials, early access to therapies, or compassionate treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the real-world impact of routine incorporation of FoundationOne analysis in cancers with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, or in those progressing after at least one course of standard therapy.
Methods: A FoundationOneCDx panel for solid tumor or liquid biopsy samples was offered to 204 eligible patients.
Typing has become a pervasive mode of language production worldwide, with keyboards fully integrated in a large part of many daily activities. The bulk of the literature on typing expertise concerns highly trained professional touch-typists, but contemporary typing skills mostly result from unconstrained sustained practice. We measured the typing performance of a large cohort of 1301 university students through an online platform and followed a preregistered plan to analyse performance distributions, practice factors, and cognitive variables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt has been demonstrated that with practice, complex tasks can become independent of conscious control, but even in those cases, repairing errors is thought to remain dependent on conscious control. This paper reports two studies probing conscious awareness over repairs in nearly 15,000 typing errors collected from 145 participants in a single-word typing-to-dictation task. We provide evidence for subconscious repairs by ruling out alternative accounts, and report two sets of analyses showing that a) such repairs are not confined to a specific stage of processing and b) that they are sensitive to the final outcome of repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvent-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalography (EEG) have proven useful for understanding linguistic processes during language perception and production. Words are commonly produced in sequences, yet most ERP studies have used single-word experimental designs. Single-word designs reduce potential ERP overlap in word sequence production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSterically hindered aminoarylboranes featuring atropisomerism about the C-B bond were prepared by addition of organomagnesium species onto readily accessible dialkylamine-borane complexes. Some of these aminoarylboranes, isosteres of vinyl styrene derivatives, were resolved by HPLC on the chiral stationary phase. They are the first examples of a non-biaryl type system which display slow rotation about a C-B bond.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthesis of two new fluorescent hemicryptophanes is reported. They were found to be efficient and selective receptors for acetylcholine over choline. When compared to other hemicryptophane hosts previously reported for the selective recognition of acetylcholine, they display improved fluorescent properties: their maximum emission wavelengths are red-shifted and the quantum yields are higher.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew theories of monitoring in language production, regardless of their mechanistic differences, all posit monitoring mechanisms that share general computational principles with action monitoring. This perspective, if accurate, would predict that many electrophysiological signatures of performance monitoring should be recoverable from language production tasks. In this study, we examined both error-related and feedback-related EEG indices of performance monitoring in the context of a typing-to-dictation task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA fluorescent hemicryptophane has been synthesized and can be used as a turn on receptor of acetylcholine. A binding constant of 2.4 × 104 M-1 was measured for this neurotransmitter, and its selective and sensitive detection over choline and choline phosphate was achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponse selection is often studied by examining single responses, although most actions are performed within an overarching sequence. Understanding processes that order and execute items in a sequence is thus essential to give a complete picture of response selection. In this study, we investigate response selection by comparing single responses and response sequences as well as unimanual and bimanual sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychon Bull Rev
August 2018
Despite the obvious linguistic nature of typing, current psychological models of typing are, to a large extent, divorced from models of spoken language production. This gap has left unanswered many questions regarding the cognitive architecture of typing. In this article we advocate the use of a psycholinguistic framework for studying typing, by showing that such a framework could reveal important similarities and differences between spoken and typed production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrophysiological research using verbal response paradigms faces the problem of muscle artifacts that occur during speech production or in the period preceding articulation. In this context, this paper has two related aims. The first is to show how the nature of the first phoneme influences the alignment of the ERPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated the relationships between inherent and apparent optical properties (IOP and AOP, respectively) and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the main Amazonian river waters. In situ measurements of SSC, remote sensing reflectance (R), the diffuse light attenuation coefficient (K) and the total and non-algal particle (NAP) absorption coefficients (a and a, respectively) were conducted during three sampling trips along different streams of the Amazon River catchment (104 stations). The size distribution and chemical characteristics of the suspended sediment were also determined for 85 stations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumour with a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSC) were proposed to be the most aggressive cells allowing brain tumour recurrence and aggressiveness. Current challenge is to determine CSC signature to characterize these cells and to develop new therapeutics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the precision and reliability of response time (RT) measurements performed via Web-based interfaces have been evaluated, sequences of keystrokes have never been investigated in detail. Keystrokes often occur in much more rapid succession than RTs, and operating systems may interpret successive or concomitant keyboard events according to both automatic and user-based settings. Sequence keystroke timing could thus be more sensitive than single RTs to noise in online measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe neurotrophin receptors are known to promote growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Their functions in spreading glioblastoma cell aggressiveness to the microenvironment through exosome release from glioblastoma cells are unknown. Considering previous reports demonstrating that YKL-40 expression is associated with undifferentiated glioblastoma cancer stem cells, we used YKL-40-silenced cells to modulate the U87-MG differentiated state and their biological aggressiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent work in language production research suggests complex relationships between linguistic and motor processes. Typing is an interesting candidate for investigating further this issue. First, typing presumably relies on the same distributed left-lateralized brain network as handwriting and speech production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTyping is becoming our preferred way of writing. Perhaps because of the relative recency of this change, very few studies have investigated typing from a psycholinguistic perspective. In addition, and despite obvious similarities between typing and handwriting, typing research has remained rather disconnected from handwriting research.
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