Endogenous Attention Affects Decision-related Neural Activity but Not Afferent Visual Responses.

Endogenous shifts of spatial attention toward an upcoming stimulus are associated with improvements in behavioral responses to the stimulus, preparatory retinotopic shifts in alpha power, and changes in ERPs. Although attentional modulation of several early sensory ERPs is well established, there is still debate about under what circumstances attention affects the earliest cortical visual evoked response-the C1 ERP component-which is putatively generated from afferent input into primary visual cortex. Moreover, the effects of spatial attention on the recently discovered ERP signature of evidence accumulation-the central parietal positivity (CPP)-have not been fully characterized.

Psoriasis dermatitis: a new entity or a different phenotypic expression of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis?

Background: Psoriasis (P) and atopic dermatitis (AD) share some common characteristics. The resulting clinical picture with shared manifestations is a new entity called psoriasis dermatitis (PD), atopic psoriasis or psorema. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical manifestations of this new dermatological condition, focusing on the adult population.

Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC).

Early nomads in the Eurasian steppes since the beginning of the 1st millennium BC played a key role in the formation of the cultural and genetic landscape of populations of a significant part of Eurasia, from Eastern Europe to Eastern Central Asia. Numerous archaeological cultures associated with early nomads have been discovered throughout the Eurasian steppe belt. The Tagar archaeological culture existed in the Minusinsk basin (Sayan Mountains, Southern Siberia, Russia) in the northeastern periphery of the Eurasian steppe belt from the 8th to 1st century BC during the pre-Scythian, Scythian, and Early Xiongnu-Sarmatian periods.

Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe.

During the 1 millennium before the Common Era (BCE), nomadic tribes associated with the Iron Age Scythian culture spread over the Eurasian Steppe, covering a territory of more than 3,500 km in breadth. To understand the demographic processes behind the spread of the Scythian culture, we analysed genomic data from eight individuals and a mitochondrial dataset of 96 individuals originating in eastern and western parts of the Eurasian Steppe. Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component.

MtDNA Haplogroup A10 Lineages in Bronze Age Samples Suggest That Ancient Autochthonous Human Groups Contributed to the Specificity of the Indigenous West Siberian Population.

Background: The craniometric specificity of the indigenous West Siberian human populations cannot be completely explained by the genetic interactions of the western and eastern Eurasian groups recorded in the archaeology of the area from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Anthropologists have proposed another probable explanation: contribution to the genetic structure of West Siberian indigenous populations by ancient human groups, which separated from western and eastern Eurasian populations before the final formation of their phenotypic and genetic features and evolved independently in the region over a long period of time. This hypothesis remains untested.

[Validation of the Russian version of the modified Addenbrooke's cognitive examination for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis].

Aim: To evaluate the validity of the Russian version of the modified Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-m) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

Material And Methods: ACE-m and MMSE, as a comparison scale, were administered to 78 patients including 49 patients with AD and 29 healthy people.

Results And Conclusion: ACE-m demonstrated the high validity in the diagnosis of dementia in AD.

From biomass to medicines. A simple synthesis of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, antimalarial alkaloid isocryptolepine, and its derivatives.

Indolo[3,2-c]quinolines are pharmacologically attractive class of heterocyclic compounds. The method of their synthesis, based on transformation of furfural, which is a large-scale product of treatment of biomass including agricultural and forestry wastes, has been developed. This method was utilized for the total synthesis of antimalarial alkaloid isocryptolepine and its derivatives.

[The application of an impulse plasma jet for trauma of the liver].

The authors made an analysis of the application of a plasma jet with the help of an apparatus of original construction used for treatment of wounds of the liver in 36 patients. This apparatus has a number of advantages as compared with others. The plasma jet gives a reliable homostasis and minimum heat injuries to the liver tissues.

[Contemporary approach to the treatment of complicated diabetic angiopathy of the lower extremities].

The experience of treatment of 278 patients with diabetes mellitus, complicated by the lower extremities diabetic angiopathy, was summarized. The authors had proposed the complex of treatment, including combined application of the high- and low-energy laser irradiation and catheterization of the shin arteries branches and the anterior abdominal wall superficial arteries for an adequate introduction of medicinal agents towards the affection focus. Application of the method proposed had promoted the results of treatment improvement, had permitted to proceed with economical amputation of extremity and to escape the reoperations performance.

[Variants of the Duhamel operation in Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon in children].

The results of 71 Duhamel operation in children with Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon are presented. Seven modifications of the operation were used, including those with the use of constant magnets, staplers, without application of the crushing clamps and with leaving a stump of the brought down intestine under the anus. A purposeful choice of a method for completion of the Duhamel operation permits to reduce the number of complications.

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides. Application of solvophobic theory.

The chromatographic behaviour of some natural and modified pyrimidine bases and nucleosides on an octadecyl stationary phase was studied. The retention and selectivity parameters of the separation of the compounds studied were derived on the basis of solvophobic theory. The mechanism of base and nucleoside interactions with the surface of the hydrocarbonaceous stationary phase is discussed.

Selectivity and sensitivity of metal determination by co-ordination compounds.

Quantum chemical structure calculations for metal co-ordination compounds with various organic ligands allow choice of generalized parameters of chelate electronic structures, to form a basis for systematization and prediction of analytical properties. The extent of the co-ordinative saturation of a metal is measured as the sum of the covalent bonding energies of the two-centre metal interactions with the ligand atoms. The concept of "valence state of the ligand" is considered and characterized by the energy sum of the covalent components of two-centre interactions in the ligand.

Electronic spectra and structure of some phenoxazone-type dyes.

Quantum-mechanical calculations of the electronic structure and spectra of a number of phenoxazone dyes are given. The distribution analysis of pi-electron density in the ground and excited states makes clear the origin of the colour of these compounds and gives the possibility of direct assessment of organic reagents in terms of colour contrast and sensitivity of analytical reactions. This is illustrated for a series of dihydroxy derivatives of phenoxazone dyes.

Properties and construction of azo-dye reagents for inorganic photometric analysis.

An approach to constructing new organic reagents (based on azo dyes) for photometric analysis is described. Its essence is the detailed consideration of the electronic structure of the chromophore nuclei of the dyes in the ground and excited states. Knowing the nature of the electron transition, it is possible to construct the organic reagents with optimal properties.