The Role of Formal Schooling, Literacy, and Health Knowledge in Addressing Domestic Violence Against Women in West Africa.

When "education" is cited as a solution for domestic violence, different aspects of knowledge acquisition are often omitted. This study uses 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys from four West African countries (The Gambia, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone) with a combined sample size of 12,480 women and generalized ordered logit regression to examine the effects of types of knowledge (years of schooling, literacy, and health knowledge) on domestic violence (physical abuse, emotional abuse, and control issues). The results suggest that literacy has the most reliable beneficial impact on domestic violence and was consistently associated with decreased odds of abuse.

Reducing pediatric ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections in patients at a single institution home health agency.

We conducted a quality improvement project from 2019 to 2021 at a single home health agency to reduce rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection in our ambulatory pediatric population. Annualized central line-associated bloodstream infection rates per 1,000 catheter line days decreased by 20 % during the study period, from a rate of 1.023 to 0.

Improving Distress Screening for People with Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of an E-Learning Course to Increase Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge.

Objectives: Psychological distress can occur following diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer, compromising psychosocial wellbeing. Improved recognition and management of distress by healthcare professionals can enhance clinical practice and promote evidence-based prostate cancer care. This paper explores the effectiveness and feasibility of the online Distress Screening for Prostate Cancer course, designed to improve healthcare professionals' understanding of screening for prostate cancer-related distress.

Improving Sexual History Documentation in Teenagers.

Background And Objectives: Teen access to sexual health care is essential. The 21st Century Cures Act mandates that most electronic health information be shared with patients; no standard exists for how to meet this mandate for teens and their proxy caregivers. Our confidential shared teen sexual history (SexHx) section, which is not note-based, allows clinicians to easily find information, promotes clinical decision support, and protects privacy.

A cross-cultural examination of adverse childhood experiences in low-and middle-income countries and their relation with adolescent educational aspirations.

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur before the age of 18. Researchers have examined the negative associations between adversity and adolescent and adult outcomes, such as education and physical health. However, research on ACEs, and their association with other outcomes in non-western contexts is sparse.

Witches, Victims, and Villains: #MeToo and the Political Polarization of Sexual Violence.

#MeToo sought to combat sexual violence but evolved into a polarizing movement in the United States. Using a random sample of 5,153 tweets with #MeToo posted between 2017 and 2019 to explore the language and themes individuals use to polarize conversations around sexual violence, we find that MeToo supporters used rights-and-justice-focused language to advocate for survivors. In contrast, MeToo detractors employed legal and violent language to victimize the alleged perpetrators and villainize victims of sexual violence and their supporters.

Early adverse childhood experiences and adolescent sleep outcomes.

Background: Sleep is critical for physical, mental, and emotional health. This may be particularly true for adolescents experiencing rapid physiological changes. Relatively little is known about how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are implicated in adolescent experiences with sleep.

Adverse Event Reporting of Commonly Used Gender-Specific Implantable Medical Devices in the United States.

Background: Evidence suggests that more women are harmed by implantable medical devices than men. It is unknown whether this difference includes gender-specific devices.

Methods: In this study, we examine the differences in reported adverse events between 6 female- and 5 male-specific implantable devices from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database from 1993 to 2018.

A Population Health Impact Pyramid for Health Care.

Policy Points To meaningfully impact population health and health equity, health care organizations must take a multipronged approach that ranges from education to advocacy, recognizing that more impactful efforts are often more complex or resource intensive. Given that population health is advanced in communities and not doctors' offices, health care organizations must use their advocacy voices in service of population health policy, not just health care policy. Foundational to all population health and health equity efforts are authentic community partnerships and a commitment to demonstrating health care organizations are worthy of their communities' trust.

Breastfeeding after return to work: An Australian national workplace survey.

Breastfeeding initiation rates in Australia are high but duration rates fall well below the World Health Organization targets. Return to work is a known factor impacting 6 months exclusive breastfeeding and continuation into the infants second year of life. Work related factors can influence a woman's confidence in maintaining breastmilk supply after return to employment and determine whether she meets her personal breastfeeding goals.

Peyronie's Disease: An Outcomes-Based Guide to Non-Surgical and Novel Treatment Modalities.

The clinical landscape of Peyronie's disease is everchanging. There has been growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic options that could assist patients with achieving a meaningful reduction in penile curvature without surgical intervention. These therapies are wide-ranging in terms of their mechanisms of action, efficacies, and short- and long-term safety profiles.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Functioning during Adolescence.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have consequences for adolescent development, yet little is known about the association between ACEs and positive functioning. Positive functioning evaluates engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness, which are intimately related to pro-social behavior. As skills associated with sociability in adolescence often carry on into adulthood, understanding the developmental origins in inequalities in pro-social behavior, as measured by positive functioning, is key to ensuring equitable life chances across the life course.

Quality Initiative to Reduce Failed Trial of Labor after Cesarean Using Calculated VBAC Success Likelihood.

Objective: Vaginal birth after cesarean can reduce morbidity associated with multiple cesarean deliveries. Failed vaginal birth after cesarean is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Vaginal Birth After Cesarean calculator is a validated tool to predict the likelihood of successful trial of labor after cesarean.

A mixed methods evaluation of Multiple Mini Interviews for entry into the Bachelor of Midwifery.

Background: Multiple-mini interviews (MMI) are increasingly used as part of the admission process into healthcare degrees. Evaluations have found MMIs to be a fair assessment tool in terms of reliability and validity and viewed positively by those involved in the MMI process. The use of MMIs in midwifery is novel and evaluation is lacking.

Analytical performance and potential clinical utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex® blood culture identification gram-positive panel.

The test performance and potential clinical utility of the ePlex® BCID Gram-Positive (GP) Panel was evaluated relative to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on bacterial isolates and traditional antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All GP bacteria (n = 100) in the study were represented on the panel including 50 common skin contaminants, and 7/7 coinfections. The positive percent agreement (PPA) was 97/97 with 2 false positives.

COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), binds via ACE2 receptors, highly expressed in ciliated cells of the nasal epithelium. Micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) is a minimally invasive intranasal imaging technique that can determine cellular and functional dynamics of respiratory epithelia at 1-μm resolution, enabling real time visualization and quantification of epithelial anatomy, ciliary motion, and mucus transport. We hypothesized that respiratory epithelial cell dysfunction in COVID-19 will manifest as reduced ciliated cell function and mucociliary abnormalities, features readily visualized by μOCT.

Alcohol brands' use of age-restriction controls on Facebook and Instagram in Australia.

Objectives: Since 2017, the self-regulatory alcohol advertising system in Australia has required alcohol marketers to activate age-restriction controls on social networking sites to prevent access to children. With no monitoring mechanisms, the level of compliance with this requirement is unknown. We aimed to identify the extent to which the dominant alcohol companies in Australia have activated age-restriction controls on their official brand accounts on Facebook and Instagram.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Social Skills Among Youth in Fragile Families.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative health and behavioral outcomes across the life course, yet little is known about the association between early ACEs and social skills among youth. As social skills are often shaped by home environments, and social skills developed in adolescence often persist into adulthood, understanding the processes that drive inequalities in developmental outcomes, such as social skills, is imperative. The present study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3245) and ordinary least squares regression analyses to explore the associations between early ACEs by age 5 (i.

A Community-Based Education Program for Overactive Bladder in a Predominantly Minority Older Female Population: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Knowledge gaps regarding available treatment and social stigmatization are barriers to care in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). We assessed the feasibility of an OAB education program targeting older community-dwelling females.

Methods: Community-dwelling women over 55 years old were recruited.

VCAM1 confers innate immune tolerance on haematopoietic and leukaemic stem cells.

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) home to the bone marrow via, in part, interactions with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1). Once in the bone marrow, HSCs are vetted by perivascular phagocytes to ensure their self-integrity. Here we show that VCAM1 is also expressed on healthy HSCs and upregulated on leukaemic stem cells (LSCs), where it serves as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) presentation.

An evaluation of the evidence submitted to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations.

Background: Industry self-regulation is the dominant approach to managing alcohol advertising in Australia and many other countries. There is a need to explore the barriers to government adoption of more effective regulatory approaches. This study examined relevance and quality features of evidence cited by industry and non-industry actors in their submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations.

Assessing Parental Discharge Readiness by Using the Ticket to Home Survey Tool.

Objectives: Ticket to Home (TTH), a survey tool designed to assess parental comprehension of their child's hospitalization and postdischarge care needs, allows providers to address knowledge gaps before discharge. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of TTH on parents' retention of discharge teaching.

Methods: In this pilot study, we enrolled a convenience sample of families admitted to pediatric hospital medicine and randomly assigned families on the basis of team assignment.

Early adverse childhood experiences and exclusionary discipline in high school.

The use of school suspension and expulsion is a widespread phenomenon in American schools (Wallace et al., 2009; Owens and McLanahan, 2020). Yet, much of what we know about these exclusionary practices provide little insight into the personal biographies of the students themselves-specifically their histories of childhood trauma.

A practical guide to genetic testing in endocrinology.

Rapid advances in sequencing technology have led to significant improvements in genomic analysis, resulting in increased understanding of the molecular basis of many endocrine conditions. Genomic testing for rare disease is being integrated into everyday clinical practice, as the importance of confirming a genetic diagnosis earlier in a patient's pathway helps direct their clinical care and specialized management. In England, the new nationally commissioned Genomic Medicine Service has started to deliver testing for rare and inherited disease and cancer somatic tissue via seven Genomic Laboratory Hubs.