Breast cancer in intraductal carcinogen-treated non-human primates.

Eight female Macaca arctoides monkeys were given dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) directly into the milk ducts. During a 4-year observation period, ending with euthanasia and autopsy, no mammary cancers were noticed. However, one animal developed a superficial localized squamous cell carcinoma.

Comparing the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 with outpatient substance abusers.

Because of the high co-occurrence of Axis-I mood disorders with primary substance use disorders (SUD), it is important to routinely assess substance abusers for evidence of a mood disorder. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of two widely used self-report measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; Patient Health Questionnaire PRIME MD) with substance abusers (N=108) in an outpatient treatment setting. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliabilities of the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 were 0.

Characterization of a new primary human pancreatic tumor line.

A primary human pancreatic tumor line (BxPC-3) has been established from a biopsy specimen of a histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the body of the pancreas. Tumorigenicity was proven by xenograft in athymic nude mice. Upon re-establishment of tumor xenografts in tissue culture, the epithelial tumor cells retained their original morphology.

Immunostaining for carcinoembryonic antigen does not discriminate for early recurrence in breast cancer. The ECOG experience.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunohistochemistry was evaluated by 11 surgical pathologists with sections from 147 postmenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen staining in breast cancer tissues has been correlated with a worse prognosis. This association was studied with a clinically characterized population of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) patients using precisely the peroxidase-antiperoxidase methodology which had been employed in another published study.

Interobserver reproducibility of histopathological features in stage II breast cancer. An ECOG study.

Eleven surgical pathologists studied microscopic sections from 45 mastectomy specimens of node positive breast cancer patients who had been entered into ECOG clinical trials. Inter-observer reproducibility for histoprognostic features was examined as a prerequisite before a subsequent evaluation of their possible clinical applicability could be undertaken. Histological type, nuclear grade, tubular formation, and lymphoid reactions were studied in the cancerous tissues.

Lumpectomy for mammary carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 40 presumptive candidates from a surgical series.

This presumptive study concerns the value of lumpectomy as a curative procedure for minimal breast carcinoma, defined as an operable cancer no larger than 2 cm in diameter, with no palpable axillary lymph nodes, and, in peripherally located lesions, no Paget's disease. From 199 surgically treated mammary cancer patients, 40 cases met the minimal criteria. Thirty-eight of the minimal breast carcinoma patients had a radical mastectomy and two had a supraradical procedure.

Effect of sodium meclofenamate on ultraviolet radiation induced carcinogenesis.

Sodium meclofenamate (Meclomen), an antiprostaglandin antileukotriene agent, was found in previous studies to protect primates against x-ray induced brain edema, esophagitis and cystitis. In the present study, it appeared to protect hairless mice against the carcinogenic effect of ultraviolet B-radiation.

Central nervous system metastasis from breast carcinoma. Autopsy study.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis was noted in 309 patients of 1044 autopsy cases of breast carcinoma. The brain was involved in 193 cases, and cranial dura in 167 cases. In 82 cases, the cranial dura was the sole site of CNS involvement.

Protection of normal tissues with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium during local pelvic radiation in monkeys.

Intestinal and bladder injury are the main limiting factors to radiation therapy in patients with pelvic neoplasms. 2-Amino-ethylisothiouronium (AET) is a radiation-protective agent when given systemically but absorbs poorly from the intestines. Accordingly, it was explored for the local protection of the bowel and bladder during radiation to the pelvis.

Management of brain metastases from breast cancer by combination chemotherapy.

Since most patients with brain metastases from breast cancer have disseminated disease elsewhere and a dismal prognosis when treated by whole brain irradiation alone, we investigated the use of systemic chemotherapy in 66 such patients. Fifty-two percent (34 of 66 patients) demonstrated an objective response to this therapy which was similar to the results obtained in patients treated for extracranial metastases. Eighteen patients who subsequently had recurrence of brain metastases were successfully retreated with secondary chemotherapy.

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Metastasis to the skeletal system producing myelophthisic anemia.

In the typical patient with a metastasizing basal cell carcinoma, the tumor is large, ulcerated, and has been neglected. Recurrences are common, and the tumor is usually refractory to all modalities of treatment. Our patient neglected to seek medical help for 10 years, at which time metastases were already present.

Interobserver variation in the identification of breast carcinoma in intramammary lymphatics.

Nine surgical pathologists participated in a microscopic review of 35 cases of pT1-2 N0 M0 breast carcinoma. The pathologists outlined strict criteria for the identification of intramammary lymphatics and blood vessels and for the identification of cancerous emboli in these vascular channels. Each mastectomy case was studied by three different pathologists.

Axillary lymph node metastasis from an occult breast cancer.

Twenty-nine cases were reviewed in which carcinoma manifested first as the enlargement of an axillary node from an occult breast carcinoma. A small hidden breast cancer was identified in 16 patients. In the remaining 13, the breast tumor was never discovered.

The influence of histologic type on survival in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Histologic groups in 231 cases of malignant lymphoma were correlated with survival data at 100 months from the time of initiation of the study. Patients in the first two decades of life fared comparably with adults, but those over 60 years of age showed a poorer survival trend. Seven favorable and four unfavorable histopathologic groups were found with collective median survivals of 83 and 16 months, respectively (P less than 0.

Metastatic patterns and target organ arterial blood flow.

The frequency of metastatic involvement of eight 'target' organs from primary adenocarcinomas of the rectum and squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus correlates significantly with target organ arterial blood flow (ml/min/g) when the primary cancers were in the upper third of the rectum or lower third of the esophagus, where the initial main venous drainage was into the portal system. When the primary cancers were located in other regions of these two organs where the initial main venous drainage was into the systemic venous system, this correlation was not seen. The results confirm that the 'hemodynamic' or 'mechanical' theory holds for two types of primary cancers in specific anatomic locations.

Organ vascularity and metastatic frequency.

The "hemodynamic" or "mechanical" theory proposes that the frequency of metastases in different organs is primarily determined by the numbers of cancer cells delivered to them in their arterial blood. This theory has not yet been adequately tested in man because reproducible, noninvasive measurements of organ blood flow have only recently become available. Correlation between these data and the metastatic frequency in 10 organs, in groups of patients with primary cancers in 15 anatomic sites, has therefore been sought.

Current Status of Classification and Staging of Prostate Cancer.

The international TNM classification system for prostatic cancer has been recently revised and is most helpful for comparisons between various groups of patients. Today in the United States, the evaluation of certain factors related to clinical and pathologic staging are being further altered. These include primary grade of tumor and the extent and techniques of tumor staging.

The histology of liver tumors in oral contraceptive users observed during a national survey by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer.

As part of the national survey on the tumorigenesis of oral contraceptive drugs conducted by the American College of Surgeons' Commission on Cancer, a histologic study was made of 94 cases of liver tumors in users and non-users of oral contraceptives. Pathologic criteria were established and then the slides were studied; the results were tabulated to determine the significance of each of the criteria as related to the use of contraceptives. These criteria included tumor size, peliosis hepatis, hemorrhage, necrosis, fibrosis, thrombosis, and vascular alterations of the intima and media.

Metastases from carcinoma of mammary gland: an autopsy study.

Information on metastases from carcinoma of the mammary gland in an autopsy study of 707 cases occurring in white women over a 15-year period are presented and tabulated. Multiple primary cancers occurred in 19% of the cases. Of the 137 cases that exhibit more than one neoplastic malignancy, 31 (23%) were present in the contralateral mammary gland.

Coccidioidomycosis in a patient with lymphoma. Spherulation in human pleural fluid medium.

In a Caucasian woman who had had a giant follicular lymphoma for 21 months a small lesion developed in the upper lobe of the left lung. Excision, histologic study, and culture of the lesion were performed. Of the many stained sections, only one revealed endospore-containing spherules within the caseous necrosis of a granuloma, and only four spherules were identified.