MBNL splicing factors regulate the microtranscriptome of skeletal muscles.

Muscleblind like splicing regulators (MBNLs) govern various RNA-processing steps, including alternative splicing, polyadenylation, RNA stability and mRNA intracellular localization. In myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common muscular dystrophy in adults, MBNLs are sequestered on toxic RNA containing expanded CUG repeats, which leads to disruption of MBNL-regulated processes and disease features of DM1. Herein, we show the significance of MBNLs in regulating microtranscriptome dynamics during the postnatal development of skeletal muscles and in microRNA (miRNA) misregulation observed in mouse models and patients with DM1.

Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) triggers substantial changes in rye (Secale cereale L.) at the transcriptome and metabolome levels.

Background: Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal crop highly tolerant to environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g.

Impact of nutrition on the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium: A narrative review.

Diet and eating habits significantly affect health and quality of life. Various diets and food eliminations can lead to nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition. This article discusses the relationship between nutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and the condition of the periodontium and oral mucosa.

Modulatory role of RNA helicases in MBNL-dependent alternative splicing regulation.

Muscleblind-like splicing regulators (MBNLs) activate or repress the inclusion of alternative splicing (AS) events, enabling the developmental transition of fetal mRNA splicing isoforms to their adult forms. Herein, we sought to elaborate the mechanism by which MBNLs mediate AS related to biological processes. We evaluated the functional role of DEAD-box (DDX) RNA helicases, DDX5 and DDX17 in MBNL-dependent AS regulation.

ER body-resident myrosinases and tryptophan specialized metabolism modulate root microbiota assembly.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies are ER-derived structures that contain a large amount of PYK10 myrosinase, which hydrolyzes tryptophan (Trp)-derived indole glucosinolates (IGs). Given the well-described role of IGs in root-microbe interactions, we hypothesized that ER bodies in roots are important for interaction with soil-borne microbes at the root-soil interface. We used mutants impaired in ER bodies (nai1), ER body-resident myrosinases (pyk10bglu21), IG biosynthesis (myb34/51/122), and Trp specialized metabolism (cyp79b2b3) to profile their root microbiota community in natural soil, evaluate the impact of axenically collected root exudates on soil or synthetic microbial communities, and test their response to fungal endophytes in a mono-association setup.

Empirical testing of cryoconite granulation: Role of cyanobacteria in the formation of key biogenic structure darkening glaciers in polar regions.

Cryoconite, the dark sediment on the surface of glaciers, often aggregates into oval or irregular granules serving as biogeochemical factories. They reduce a glacier's albedo, act as biodiversity hotspots by supporting aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities, constitute one of the organic matter (OM) sources on glaciers, and are a feeder for micrometazoans. Although cryoconite granules have multiple roles on glaciers, their formation is poorly understood.

Auxin supplementation under nitrogen limitation enhanced oleic acid and MUFA content in Eustigmatos calaminaris biomass with potential for biodiesel production.

Due to their lipid accumulation potential, microalgae are widely studied in terms of their use in the production of biodiesel. The present study was focused on determination of changes in the biomass production, biochemical composition, accumulation and distribution of fatty acids in neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and biodiesel properties of soil microalga Eustigmatos calaminaris in response to various levels of nitrogen stress and indole-3-acetic acid supplementation. The highest growth rate, the highest lipid content and daily lipid productivity were noted at the nitrogen limitation up to 25% with IAA supplementation.

Metabolomic Aspects of Conservative and Resistance-Related Elements of Response to in the Grass Family.

Background: head blight (FHB) is a serious fungal disease affecting crop plants, causing substantial yield reductions and the production of mycotoxins in the infected grains. Achieving progress in the breeding of crops with increased resistance and maintaining a high yield is not possible without a thorough examination of the molecular basis of plant immunity responses.

Methods: LC-MS-based metabolomics approaches powered by three-way ANOVA and the selec-tion of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were used for studying plant immunity.

Loss of MYB34 Transcription Factor Supports the Backward Evolution of Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in a Subclade of the Camelineae Tribe and Releases the Feedback Loop in This Pathway in Arabidopsis.

Glucosinolates are specialized defensive metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order. Among them, aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (IGs) are usually highly abundant in species from the Brassicaceae family. The exceptions this trend are species representing a subclade of the Camelineae tribe, including Capsella and Camelina genera, which have reduced capacity to produce and metabolize IGs.

Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Organ Specificity of Specialized Metabolites in the Model Grass .

, because of its fully sequenced genome, is frequently used as a model grass species. However, its metabolome, which constitutes an indispensable element of complex biological systems, remains poorly characterized. In this study, we conducted comprehensive, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic examination of roots, leaves and spikes of Brachypodium Bd21 and Bd3-1 lines.

Metabolic and Proteomic Analysis of , , and Cells Cultured in Autotrophic, Photoheterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Cultivation Modes.

is one of the most well-known microalgal genera, currently comprising approximately a hundred species of single-celled green algae according to the AlgaeBase. Strains of the genus have the ability to metabolize both inorganic and organic carbon sources in various trophic modes and synthesize valuable metabolites that are widely used in many industries. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of three trophic modes on the growth parameters, productivities of individual cell components, and biochemical composition of and cells with special consideration of protein profiles detected by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS.

Tryptophan metabolism and bacterial commensals prevent fungal dysbiosis in roots.

In nature, roots of healthy plants are colonized by multikingdom microbial communities that include bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. A key question is how plants control the assembly of these diverse microbes in roots to maintain host-microbe homeostasis and health. Using microbiota reconstitution experiments with a set of immunocompromised mutants and a multikingdom synthetic microbial community (SynCom) representative of the natural root microbiota, we observed that microbiota-mediated plant growth promotion was abolished in most of the tested immunocompromised mutants.

Separation of Chromatographic Co-Eluted Compounds by Clustering and by Functional Data Analysis.

Peak overlapping is a common problem in chromatography, mainly in the case of complex biological mixtures, i.e., metabolites.

Gene expression evolution in pattern-triggered immunity within Arabidopsis thaliana and across Brassicaceae species.

Plants recognize surrounding microbes by sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Despite their significance for microbial control, the evolution of PTI responses remains largely uncharacterized. Here, by employing comparative transcriptomics of six Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and three additional Brassicaceae species to investigate PTI responses, we identified a set of genes that commonly respond to the MAMP flg22 and genes that exhibit species-specific expression signatures.

Halogen Atoms in the Protein-Ligand System. Structural and Thermodynamic Studies of the Binding of Bromobenzotriazoles by the Catalytic Subunit of Human Protein Kinase CK2.

Binding of a family of brominated benzotriazoles to the catalytic subunit of human protein kinase CK2 (hCK2α) was used as a model system to assess the contribution of halogen bonding to protein-ligand interaction. CK2 is a constitutively active pleiotropic serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the CMGC group of eukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs). Due to the addiction of some cancer cells, CK2 is an attractive and well-characterized drug target.

Short antisense oligonucleotides alleviate the pleiotropic toxicity of RNA harboring expanded CGG repeats.

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of CGG repeats in the FMR1 5'UTR. The RNA containing expanded CGG repeats (rCGG) causes cell damage by interaction with complementary DNA, forming R-loop structures, sequestration of nuclear proteins involved in RNA metabolism and initiation of translation of polyglycine-containing protein (FMRpolyG), which forms nuclear insoluble inclusions. Here we show the therapeutic potential of short antisense oligonucleotide steric blockers (ASOs) targeting directly the rCGG.

MEF2C shapes the microtranscriptome during differentiation of skeletal muscles.

Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is a transcription factor that regulates heart and skeletal muscle differentiation and growth. Several protein-encoding genes were identified as targets of this factor; however, little is known about its contribution to the microtranscriptome composition and dynamics in myogenic programs. In this report, we aimed to address this question.

The Effect of Different Water Extracts from on Selected Factors Associated with Pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis in Rats.

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of extracts from A. DC () in a model of chronic bronchitis in rats. The research was carried out on three water extracts: E1 - from roots of field cultivated ; E2 - from biotransformed roots of ; E3 - from callus of The extracts differed in saponins and inulin levels-the highest was measured in E3 and the lowest in E1.

Evolutionary changes in the glucosinolate biosynthetic capacity in species representing Capsella, Camelina and Neslia genera.

Glucosinolates are unique thioglucosides that evolved in the order Brassicales. These compounds function in plant adaptation to the environment, including combating plant pathogens, herbivore deterrence and abiotic stress tolerance. In line with their defensive functions glucosinolates usually accumulate constitutively in relatively high amounts in all tissues of Brassicaceae plants.

Phenolic Metabolites from Barley in Contribution to Phenome in soil Moisture Deficit.

Eight barley varieties from Europe and Asia were subjected to moisture deficit at various development stages. At the seedling stage and the flag leaf stage combined stress was applied. The experiment was designed for visualization of the correlation between the dynamics of changes in phenolic compound profiles and the external phenome.

Agro-industrial by-product in photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic culture of Tetradesmus obliquus: Production of ω3 and ω6 essential fatty acids with biotechnological importance.

In recent years, researchers have highlighted the role of low cost-efficient agro-industrial by-products used as supplements in algal culture media. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize the basic metabolic pathways in Tetradesmus obliquus cells induced by supplementation with beet molasses in photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions. To assess the impact of the nutritional strategy in unicellular algae, growth curves were plotted and lipid, carbohydrate, and protein levels were determined.

Louse Flies of Charadrii and Scolopaci Shorebirds Migrating through Central Europe.

Louse flies are blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals of veterinary and medical importance. These flies damage host skin and serve as vectors for blood-associated pathogens. Little is known about their phenology, host selection, and prevalence in wild birds.

Global Increase in Circular RNA Levels in Myotonic Dystrophy.

Splicing aberrations induced as a consequence of the sequestration of muscleblind-like splicing factors on the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase transcript, which contains expanded CUG repeats, present a major pathomechanism of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). As muscleblind-like factors may also be important factors involved in the biogenesis of circular RNAs (circRNAs), we hypothesized that the level of circRNAs would be decreased in DM1. To test this hypothesis, we selected 20 well-validated circRNAs and analyzed their levels in several experimental systems (e.

Analytical Methods for Detection of Plant Metabolomes Changes in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Abiotic and biotic stresses are the main reasons of substantial crop yield losses worldwide. Research devoted to reveal mechanisms of plant reactions during their interactions with the environment are conducted on the level of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Data obtained during these studies would permit to define biochemical and physiological mechanisms of plant resistance or susceptibility to affecting factors/stresses.