No Difference in Survivorship Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Ultraporous Acetabular Cups and Cross-Linked Polyethylene With and Without Acetabular Screws in a Large United States Health Care System.

Background: Modern cementless acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty (THA) typically have screw options. Historically, screws were thought to improve stability, but came at the cost of pathways for osteolysis. Modern cups and liners may have made both concerns obsolete, and the utility of screws are now contested.

Dual-Mobility Articulations in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparison with Metal or Ceramic on Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene and Constrained Articulations.

Background: The increased availability of dual-mobility acetabular constructs (DMCs) provides surgeons with a newer option to increase the effective femoral head size in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). We sought to evaluate risks of re-revision and prosthetic dislocation following rTHA involving a DMC compared with other articulations.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data from a U.

Patient and Operative Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cohort Study of 41,976 Patients.

Background: The reported incidence of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) varies considerably. Further, there are gaps in identifying which patients are at risk for PTOA after ACLR and whether there are modifiable factors.

Purpose: To (1) determine the incidence of PTOA in a primary ACLR cohort and (2) identify patient and perioperative factors associated with the development of PTOA after primary ACLR.

Discovery of a novel class of rosmarinic acid derivatives as antibacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.

Twenty-seven rosmarinic acid derivatives were synthesized, among which compound RA-N8 exhibited the most potent antibacterial ability. The minimum inhibition concentration of RA-N8 against both S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (ATCC BAA41 and ATCC 43300) was found to be 6 μg/mL, and RA-N8 killed E.

Fluorescently Modified NDM-1: A Versatile Drug Sensor for Rapid β-Lactam Antibiotic and Inhibitor Screening.

We successfully developed a fluorescent drug sensor from clinically relevant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). The F70 residue was chosen to be replaced with a cysteine for conjugation with thiol-reactive fluorescein-5-maleimide to form fluorescent F70Cf, where "f" refers to fluorescein-5-maleimide. Our proteolytic studies of unlabeled F70C and labeled F70Cf monitored by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealed that fluorescein-5-maleimide was specifically linked to C70 in 1:1 mole ratio (F70C:fluorophore).

Brain templates for Chinese babies from newborn to three months of age.

The infant brain develops rapidly and this area of research has great clinical implications. Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and developmental delay have their origins, potentially, in abnormal early brain maturation. Searching for potential early neural markers requires a priori knowledge about infant brain development and anatomy.

Can Dual Mobility Cups Reduce Revision and Dislocation Risks? An Analysis of 107,528 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties in the United States.

Background: Dual mobility acetabular cups (DMC) were designed to increase the effective femoral head size and improve stability with the goal of reducing revision risk at the potential cost of polyethylene thickness. We sought to evaluate revision risk following primary elective total hip arthroplasty with DMC compared to highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE).

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data from a Kaiser Permanente's total joint arthroplasty registry.

Risk factors for reoperation following inguinal hernia repair: results from a cohort of patients from an integrated healthcare system.

Purpose: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed globally. Identification of risk factors that contribute to hernia recurrence following an index inguinal hernia repair, especially those that are modifiable, is of paramount importance. Therefore, we sought to investigate risk factors for reoperation following index inguinal hernia repair.

Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty, Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty, or Total Hip Arthroplasty for Hip Fracture in Older Individuals.

Background: Practice patterns regarding the use of unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures in older patients vary widely. This is due in part to limited data stipulating the specific circumstances under which each form of arthroplasty provides the most predictable outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patient characteristics for which unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, or THA might be preferable due to a lower risk of all-cause revision.

Female sex and ipsilateral reoperation risk following mesh-based inguinal hernia repair: a cohort study including 131,626 repairs in adults from an integrated healthcare system over a 10-year period.

Purpose: We sought to compare females and males for the risk of reoperation following different inguinal hernia repair approaches (open, laparoscopic, and robotic).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients aged ≥ 18 who underwent first inguinal hernia repair with mesh within a US integrated healthcare system (2010-2020). Data were obtained from the system's integrated electronic health record.

Association Between Race/Ethnicity and 90-Day Emergency Department Visits in Patients Undergoing Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty or Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Universally Insured Population.

Background: Research has identified disparities in returns to care by race/ethnicity following primary total joint arthroplasty. We sought to identify risk factors for 90-day emergency department (ED) returns following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) for these populations.

Methods: Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White patients who underwent elective primary unilateral TKA and THA in an integrated US healthcare system were identified.

Use of Preoperative CT Scans and Patient-Specific Instrumentation May Not Improve Short-Term Adverse Events After Shoulder Arthroplasty: Results from a Large Integrated Health-Care System.

Unlabelled: Ongoing innovation leads to a continuous influx of new technologies related to shoulder arthroplasty. These are made available to surgeons and marketed to both health-care providers and patients with the hope of improving outcomes. We sought to evaluate how preoperative planning technologies for shoulder arthroplasty affect outcomes.

Epidemiologic Changes of Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis After the Implementation of Universal Maternal Screening for Group B Streptococcus in Hong Kong.

Background: The epidemiology of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) has changed with time and with changes in prevention strategy. Population-representative contemporary data provide insights on how to further improve EOS prevention and triage strategies.

Methods: Neonates born in public hospitals in Hong Kong from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017 were included.

Deficits in neural encoding of speech in preterm infants.

Preterm children show developmental cognitive and language deficits that can be subtle and sometimes undetectable until later in life. Studies of brain development in children who are born preterm have largely focused on vascular and gross anatomical characteristics rather than pathophysiological processes that may contribute to these developmental deficits. Neural encoding of speech as reflected in EEG recordings is predictive of future language development and could provide insights into those pathophysiological processes.

Mesh-based inguinal hernia repairs in an integrated healthcare system and surgeon and hospital volume: a cohort study of 110,808 patients from over a decade.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a cohort of patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair within a United States-based integrated healthcare system (IHS) and evaluate the risk for postoperative events by surgeon and hospital volume within each surgical approach, open, laparoscopic, and robotic.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent their first inguinal hernia repair were identified for a cohort study (2010-2020). Average annual surgeon and hospital volume were broken into quartiles with the lowest volume quartile as the reference group.

Preoperative Patient Optimization: Outcomes from Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty in a Large US Healthcare System.

Introduction: Patient factors are known to affect outcomes in arthroplasty surgery. A preoperative program to address modifiable factors may aid in more appropriate patient selection. We sought to assess patient selection and 90-day postoperative outcomes for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) candidates before and after implementation of a preoperative optimization protocol.

N-Heterocyclic carbenes as privileged ligands for nickel-catalysed alkene functionalisation.

Alkene functionalisation is a powerful strategy that has enabled access to a wide array of compounds including valuable pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The reactivity of the alkene π-bond has allowed incorporation of a diverse range of atoms and functional groups through a wide variety of reaction pathways. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a class of persistent carbenes that are widely employed as ancillary ligands due to their ability to act as strong σ-donors compared to widely-applied conventional phosphine-based ligands.

Secular trends of sleep-wake patterns in Hong Kong preschoolers.

Objective: To evaluate the secular trends of sleep-wake patterns of Hong Kong preschool children.

Methods: Kindergartens from the four geographical regions of Hong Kong were randomly invited to take part in a sleep survey in 2012 and again in 2018. The parent-completed questionnaire provided information on socioeconomic status (SES), children's, and parental sleep-wake patterns.

Prolonged Opioid Usage Following Hip Fracture Surgery in Opioid-Naïve Older Patients.

Background: While the risk of long-term dependence following the opioid treatment of musculoskeletal injury is often studied in younger populations, studies in older patients have centered on short-term risks such as oversedation and delirium. This study investigated prolonged opioid usage after hip fracture in older individuals, focusing on prevalence, risk factors, and changes over time.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of 47,309 opioid-naïve patients aged ≥ 60 years who underwent hip fracture surgery (2009 to 2020), outpatient opioid use was evaluated in 3 postoperative time periods: P1 (day 0 to 30 postsurgery); P2 (day 31 to 90); and P3 (day 91 to 180).

Gossypol acetate: A natural polyphenol derivative with antimicrobial activities against the essential cell division protein FtsZ.

Antimicrobial resistance has attracted worldwide attention and remains an urgent issue to resolve. Discovery of novel compounds is regarded as one way to circumvent the development of resistance and increase the available treatment options. Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic aldehyde, and it has attracted increasing attention as a possible antibacterial drug.

Tranexamic acid is not associated with decreased infection risk after primary shoulder arthroplasty: a cohort study of 9276 patients.

Background: The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) is associated with less blood loss and reduced transfusion risk after shoulder arthroplasty surgery. Recent studies have shown lower odds of postoperative infection after hip or knee arthroplasty with its use. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TXA use reduces the risk of infection after primary elective shoulder arthroplasty.

Temporal Trends in Deep Surgical Site Infections After Six Orthopaedic Procedures Over a 12-year Period Within a US-based Healthcare System.

Introduction: Centers of excellence and bundled payment models have driven perioperative optimization and surgical site infection (SSI) prevention with decolonization protocols and antibiotic prophylaxis strategies. We sought to evaluate time trends in the incidence of deep SSI and its causative organisms after six orthopaedic procedures in a US-based integrated healthcare system.

Methods: We conducted a population-level time-trend study using data from Kaiser Permanente's orthopaedic registries.

Chronic Medication Use and Factors Associated With Polypharmacy Among Outpatient Pediatric Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of chronic polypharmacy among pediatric patients in an outpatient setting.

Methods: We conducted a review of medications dispensed to patients from an outpatient pediatric facility during a 12-month period. Patients who received chronic medications (≥30 days' supply), which contained at least 1 active pharmaceutical ingredient were included in the study.

Does Aseptic Revision Risk Differ for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Who Have and Do not Have a Prior Primary or Revision Arthroplasty?

Background: We sought to evaluate the risk of aseptic revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who have and do not have a history of primary or revision arthroplasty of a different major joint.

Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study using data from Kaiser Permanente's arthroplasty registries. Patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA (index knee) were identified (2009-2018).