Molecular cloning of Rab-related genes in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Analysis of RYL1, an essential gene encoding a SEC4 homologue.

Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rab family are involved in the vesicular traffic inside eukaryotic cells. A gene library from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was screened with an oligonucleotide deduced from a highly conserved sequence in the Rab family. Four different genes were isolated.

Possible relation between the U54 segment of the CTHV genome and the conserved gene block C rearranged in alpha and gamma herpesvirus genomes.

The genome of CTHV is an atypical member of the gamma-2 subgroup of herpesvirus genomes that contains two segments (instead of one) of DNA with low G+C content flanked by highly repetitious DNA with high G+C content. The segments freely undergo polarity inversion with respect to one another. We have found nucleotide sequences in one of these segments, the U54 segment, whose putative translational products show clear similarity to two ubiquitous herpesvirus gene products, a single-stranded DNA binding protein and a protein of the helicase superfamily.

[Unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms less than 20 mm in diameter in adults. Radical surgery in 89 cases].

Between 1972 and 1989, 131 unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms were clipped in the Neurosurgical Department of La Pitié Hospital, Paris. Only 89 of these are considered here, the remaining 42 aneurysms having been discovered and clipped during surgery for a ruptured aneurysm. All isolated unruptured aneurysms were detected by angiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Classification of supratentorial arteriovenous malformations. A score system for evaluation of operability and surgical strategy based on an analysis of 66 cases.

A classification of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is proposed, which is based on a retrospective analysis of the records and results of radical operation in 57 patients between 1983 and 1990. It represents the new developments and more recent technical facilities which influence operability of supratentorial AVMs. Predictability of outcome has been settled upon three groups of factors: anatomical, haemodynamical, and clinical.

Clipping of the anterior communicating artery to eliminate the contralateral blood supply in supratentorial large AVM of the carotid system. A report of 22 cases.

Large supratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the carotid system are vascularized by the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and often, in addition, by the contralateral ICA via the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). In these AVMs we have previously advocated (1981) multiple staged operations with the progressive reduction of the blood stream passing through the AVM. In twenty-two cases, starting in 1983, the reduction of the blood stream into the shunt has been performed as a first operation by placing a clip on the middle of the ACoA through a pterional approach on the opposite side of the AVM before radical open surgery.

Rapid detection of pseudorabies virus genomic sequences in biological samples from infected pigs using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification.

The presence of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome in infected hosts has previously been studied by standard hybridization techniques, which showed the viral genome to be present at very low levels in infected tissues. The recently introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure provides an alternative and rapid means of amplifying small quantities of specific DNA sequences. We applied this technique to a study of pigs infected by PRV.

Haemostatic clips and clamps used in surgical neurology with special reference to non ferro magnetic Phynox spring clips by Aesculap.

This paper concerns the historical developments and technical properties of haemostatic devices used in neurosurgery with the exception of coagulation. Therefore there are described haemostatic clips designed for the scalp, clips used on arteries and veins, a clamp for the reduction of the carotid diameter in the neck, and a clamp for closing the venous dural sinuses. Special reference will be made regarding non ferro magnetic Phynox clips by Aesculap.

A new haemodynamic factor in cerebral AVM. Aspiration from the venous system demonstrated in two cases of pedonculo-Galen AVM successfully cured by occlusion of the superior longitudinal sinus.

Using a Doppler Mark 500 of ATL we measured the systolic and diastolic velocity of the red cells into the main arteries of the neck (diastolic rate cm/sec) thus approaching the flow in two cases of upper brain stem AVM with a unique drainage into the superior longitudinal sinus through an enlarged vein of Galen and a falcine sinus. Because of the desperate clinical condition of the children it was decided to stop the high blood flow by closing the aspiration coming from the low pressure of the venous system above and below the site of union between the malformation and the superior longitudinal sinus. An intra-operative and post-operative measurement of the diastolic rate showed a radical effect of the closure of the superior longitudinal sinus.

Physical mapping and nucleotide sequence of a herpes simplex virus type 1 gene required for capsid assembly.

In this report, we describe some phenotypic properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and present data concerning the physical location and nucleotide sequence of the genomic region harboring the mutation. The effect of shifts from the permissive to the nonpermissive temperature on infectious virus production by the mutant A44ts2 indicated that the mutated function is necessary throughout, or late in, the growth cycle. At the nonpermissive temperature, no major differences were detected in viral DNA or protein synthesis with respect to the parent A44ts+.

Detection of a ruptured aneurysmal sac by MRI in a case of negative angiogram. Successful clipping of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Case report.

A case of a ruptured aneurysm is presented in which the angiograms did not disclose the sac. Rupture of an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery was suspected from the distribution of subarachnoid blood on computerized tomography (CT), and the presence of a sac was highly suggestive on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which led us to open surgery. A non-thrombosed aneurysm was discovered at the suspected site, and successfully clipped.

[Successful separation in 1974 of craniopagus twins united at the vertex. Indications, technics, follow-up after 14 years].

On July 22, 1974, 55 days after delivery, the separation of female craniopagus twins united at the vertex was performed. This case was very similar to the case published by Voris in 1957 after separation in 1955. Surgery was decided because the neurological examination was normal in both twins, because there was no body malformation, because the angiogram as well as isotopic scintigraphy showed two normal brains, two superior sagittal sinuses and two torcular areas with a short venous union in the middle of the bone defect.

[Necrosis of the optic tract, hypothalamus and brain stem after irradiation of a pituitary adenoma with conventional doses].

A 56-year-old man had radiation necrosis of the optic pathways, hypothalamus and brainstem following irradiation of a pituitary adenoma at a conventional dose. Factors which predispose to this complication are discussed. Vascular risk factors appear to facilitate radiation induced necrosis, and a reduction of doses is suggested in these cases.

Steroid receptor status difference in recurrent intracranial meningioma and breast cancer in the same patient.

The authors report a case of multiple recurrent intracranial meningioma associated with breast cancer in a menopausal woman. High affinity estrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR) were assayed independently in the meningioma and the tumor. ER were found to be very low in the meningioma and high in the breast tumor.

Aneurysm of the circle of Willis. Comparison between computed tomography and angiography.

The authors report their experience in 13 patients with unruptured non-giant aneurysms diagnosed at computed tomography (CT), who were without clinical deficits but who complained of chronic headache or cranial nerve palsy and had other members in their families with a cerebral vascular malformation. Screening with contrast-enhanced CT is discussed with respect to certain social groups. Surgical management before rupture of aneurysms could be envisaged in view of the bad prognosis when rupture has occurred.

Stem cell studies of human malignant brain tumors. Part 2: Proliferation kinetics of brain-tumor cells in vitro in early-passage cultures.

The proliferation kinetics were studied in early-passage cultures of cells from 13 human malignant brain tumors and two specimens of normal brain under conditions similar to those used in clonogenic cell-survival studies. Autoradiography was performed in all but four cases to estimate the fraction of cells actively replicating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the approximate cell cycle time, and the effect of low-dose tritiated thymidine on cell proliferation. The mean tumor cell doubling time (TD) was 53 hours for five glioblastomas, 46 hours for two ependymomas, and 83 hours for two medulloblastomas.