Diet and cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx: the IARC multi-center study in southwestern Europe.

The main causes of cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx are smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. However, for these as well as for other cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, some dietary components, mainly low consumption of fruit and vegetables, have been observed to be associated with increased cancer risk. We report results from a multicenter case-control study carried out in six regions of Europe located in northern Spain, northern Italy, Switzerland, and France.

Relationship between adiposity and food intake: an example of pseudo-contradictory results obtained in case-control versus between-populations studies.

Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake is higher. These pseudo-contradictory results can be reconciled on the basis of a constitution/environment interaction.

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. III. Consumption of alcohol.

Individual present and life time intake of aethanol has been studied in population samples of six areas of Italy (Torino, Varese), Spain (Navarra, Zaragoza), Switzerland (Geneva) and France (Calvados); 2,965 men and 2,369 women were interviewed. Abstinent men were no more than 4% except in Zaragoza (11.5%); 49 to 61% drank between 20 and 80 g.

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. I. Study design and dietary habits.

Diet, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and occupational histories have been investigated in stratified random samples of the adult population in 6 areas in France (departement of Calvados), Italy (province of Varese and city of Torino), Spain (provinces of Navarra and Zaragoza) and Switzerland (canton of Geneva), to be used as a reference group in a case-control study on cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx. Out of a total of 8,074 sampled subjects, 5,564 could be interviewed. Sampling procedures are described, and reasons for non-response are analysed.

Diet and esophageal cancer in Calvados (France).

The role of nutrients and food factors in relation to esophageal cancer was observed in a large case-control study in a region having a high incidence of the disease. Several factors that increased or decreased the risk were identified. After adjusting for other covariates, we found that animal proteins and polyunsaturated fats had a significant protective effect.

[Results of a dietary survey in the Calvados. Dietary intake, tobacco and alcohol consumption].

A survey on individual nutritional intake was conducted in a representative sample of 1,975 people in the French province of Calvados using a dietary history method. The energy ration (2,964 kcal/d in males, 2,148 kcal/d in females) was found to exceed the recommended allowances by 150 kcal/d in women and by 300 kcal/d in men, corresponding to alcohol consumption. The trends observed were similar to those seen elsewhere in France and other developed countries: a diet with a high proportion (41-43 p.

[Diet and rectocolonic cancers. Results of a case-control study].

In a case-control study performed in an hospital of the North-Eastern Paris area, nutritional intakes of 94 patients with colorectal carcinoma were compared with those of 94 control patients, matched for age and sex. Results were expressed as mean daily nutrients and energy intakes. This dietary survey covered the "present period" (i.

Greater risk of ascitic cirrhosis in females in relation to alcohol consumption.

The risk of ascitic cirrhosis increases with average daily consumption of alcoholic beverages, both in males and in females. For the latter, however, the curve is much steeper, indicating a greater risk for the female liver, with the disease occurring earlier in life. Health implications are discussed.

Alcohol consumption patterns in the department of Calvados (France).

The individual consumption of alcoholic beverages was determined by interviewing 1.976 people, a representative sample of the population. 92% of males and 74% of females drink alcohol but no more than 4% of females consume over 40 g per day, against 39% males.

Maternal smoking and birth weight in relation to dietary habits.

A study on dietary and smoking behavior during pregnancy was performed between January, 1976, and September, 1979, at the St. Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the third, sixth, eight, and ninth months of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned about their dietary and tobacco habits.

Varicose veins: a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in middle-aged men?

The prevalence of varicose veins was higher among lower social subjects and was positively associated with a body-mass index, cigarette consumption and diastolic blood pressure. A detailed dietary survey in a subsample of the population showed a significantly higher total calory intake in men with varicose veins but no difference in the distribution of the various nutrients. During follow up for subsequent atherosclerotic disease (average 6.

Alcohol consumption in a healthy population. Relationship to gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and mean corpuscular volume.

We analyzed the multivariate relationship between alcohol consumption and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and tobacco consumption. A group of 995 healthy outpatients (604 men and 391 women, 18 to 76 years old) were systematically examined. Daily alcohol consumption was established after an interview regarding complete dietary habits.

[The quantitative alimentary questionnaire technique used by the I.N.S.E.R.M. nutrition department (author's transl)].

The utilization, during a certain number of years, of quantitative alimentary questionnaire in epidemiologic studies, has allowed: to model a print allowing the interviewer to transcribe the food ingested into an average for each day by a single person, to reflect on the different methods capable of being adaptable to reach this aim and to index the rocks to keep out of, so that this method would be used with chances of reliability.

[Food consumption in relation to size of collectivity. Parallel time trends (author's transl)].

The consumption of the French with respect to the size of parishes and its evolution from 1965 to 1974 can be investigated, thanks to the survey of Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques on food consumption of a representative sample of households. During this period, with regard to the growing size of parishes and with respect to time, the percentage of lipidic calories has been raising, chiefly from the decrease in the consumption of vegetable foods which carries with it, at the same time, a decrease of the intake of glucids, dietary fibers and of the total energy intake. The shortcomings of data collecting explain only a small part of the discrepancies observed.

[Dietary behavior during pregnancy (author's transl)].

A study on dietary behavior during pregnancy was performed between June and December 1975 at the Saint Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the 3rd, 6th, 8th and 9th month of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned on their dietary and tobacco habits. Results show that: (1) the mean caloric intake is constant during the first trimester and then significantly decreases in the last two trimesters (2) the fatter the woman before pregnancy, the lower the caloric intake at the successive examinations (3) the total weight gain is positively related to the caloric intake during the first trimester, but not related to the dietary data observed at the 6th, 8th or 9th examinations (4) birth weight seems to be more related to body size before pregnancy than to weight gain.