Modernizing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease diagnostics: the progressive shift from liver biopsy to noninvasive techniques.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health concern worldwide. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing and staging MASLD, but it is invasive and carries associated risks. In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing noninvasive techniques for evaluation.

Exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of 7-methoxy coumarin for neuropathy pain: an in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approach.

Back Ground: 7-Methoxycoumarin (7-MC) is well recognized for its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions. Its capacity to lessen neuropathic pain hasn't been documented yet. Hence the impact of 7-MC on vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain in rodents was investigated.

Neoantigen immunogenicity landscapes and evolution of tumor ecosystems during immunotherapy with nivolumab.

Neoantigen immunoediting drives immune checkpoint blockade efficacy, yet the molecular features of neoantigens and how neoantigen immunogenicity shapes treatment response remain poorly understood. To address these questions, 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in the biomarker cohort of CheckMate 153 (CA209-153), which collected radiographic guided biopsy samples before treatment and during treatment with nivolumab. Early loss of mutations and neoantigens during therapy are both associated with clinical benefit.

Sexually dimorphic computational histopathological signatures prognostic of overall survival in high-grade gliomas via deep learning.

High-grade glioma (HGG) is an aggressive brain tumor. Sex is an important factor that differentially affects survival outcomes in HGG. We used an end-to-end deep learning approach on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) scans to (i) identify sex-specific histopathological attributes of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and (ii) create sex-specific risk profiles to prognosticate overall survival.

Dermatofibromas on the Foot and Ankle: A Clinicopathologic Characterization of 31 Cases.

Background: Dermatofibroma (DF) is a common benign soft-tissue tumor. It occurs anywhere on the body but is commonly seen on the upper and lower extremities. It is frequently found in young to middle-aged adults and predominantly in females.

Development and Unfolding of the Life Course Movement in the Field of Maternal and Child Health: An Oral History.

Introduction: A life course perspective in maternal, child, and family health allows for integrated exploration of outcomes, incorporating multifactorial determinants of health to interrogate sources of inequity and identify opportunities for intervention. This article explores the historical development, integration, and implications of the contemporary life course perspective in the field of maternal and child health (MCH), and particularly the people and events which institutionalized the framework as central to national and local MCH practice and research over the last decades.

Methods: Drawing on an oral history approach, key leaders of the life course movement in MCH were interviewed.

Sex-dependent niche responses modulate steady-state and regenerative hematopoiesis.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adapt to organismal blood production needs by balancing self-renewal and differentiation, adjusting to physiological demands and external stimuli. Although sex differences have been implicated in differential hematopoietic function in males versus females, the mediators responsible for these effects require further study. Here, we characterized hematopoiesis at a steady state and during regeneration following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).

LRIG1 engages ligand VISTA and impairs tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses.

Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising approach to activate antitumor immunity and improve the survival of patients with cancer. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint target; however, the downstream signaling mechanisms are elusive. Here, we identify leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) as a VISTA binding partner, which acts as an inhibitory receptor by engaging VISTA and suppressing T cell receptor signaling pathways.

AlO/ZrO dual-dielectric Gr/CNT nanoribbon vertical tunnel FET based biosensor for genomic classification and S-protein detection in SARS-CoV-2.

The ongoing genetic mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possesses the capacity to inadvertently lead to an increase in both the rates of transmission and mortality. In this study, we showcase the use of an Al2O3/ZrO2 Dual-Dielectric Gr/CNT Nanoribbon vertical tunnel field-effect transistor biosensor for the purpose of detecting spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The proteins mentioned above are situated within the protein capsids of the virus.

Microplastics in Asian rivers: Geographical distribution, most detected types, and inconsistency in methodologies.

Microplastics pose a significant environmental threat, with potential implications for toxic chemical release, aquatic life endangerment, and human food chain contamination. In Asia, rapid economic growth coupled with inadequate waste management has escalated plastic pollution in rivers, positioning them as focal points for environmental concern. Despite Asia's rivers being considered the most polluted with plastics globally, scholarly attention to microplastics in the region's freshwater environments is a recent development.

Techno-economic and environmental analyses of the pyrolysis of food waste to produce bio-products.

Food waste has become a source of concern as it is generated abundantly worldwide and needs to be valorised into new products. In this study, cucumber, tomato, and carrot wastes were investigated as pyrolysis feedstocks as a single component (cucumber), a binary component mixture (cucumber and tomato), and a ternary component blend (cucumber, tomato, and carrot). Fourteen scenarios were simulated and evaluated based on varying the feedstock blend (single, binary, and tertiary), temperature (300 and 500 °C), and feedstock moisture content (5, 20, and 40%).

Effect of aerobic exercise on anthropometric parameters among Indian primary school children.

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with significant implications for long-term health. This study addresses the rising rates of obesity among school-age children (10-12 years) and investigates the effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions in improving anthropometric parameters, specifically focusing on BMI and mid-arm circumference (MAC). The study emphasizes the role of schools in shaping children's behaviors and aims to contribute empirical evidence to inform health promotion strategies for this demographic.

Deep breathing exercises in easing educational stress among Indian high school students.

In this educational landscape, the pervasive issue of stress among higher secondary students has emerged as a serious matter. Acknowledging the challenges posed by educational stress, this research explores holistic and accessible interventions, with a focus on the promising avenue of deep breathing exercises known for their effectiveness in promoting relaxation and reducing stress. The study employs a quasi-experimental design, comparing an experimental group engaged in daily deep breathing exercises with a control group following a regular routine.

Protective Effect of Ferulic Acid on Acetylcholinesterase and Amyloid Beta Peptide Plaque Formation in Alzheimer's Disease: An In Vitro Study.

Aim This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide plaque formation in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Background AD is a progressive neurological condition marked by disrupted cholinergic signaling, accumulation of Aβ peptide, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Currently, no direct anti-Alzheimer drug that effectively prevents the cognitive decline from AD has been reported.

VISTA promotes the metabolism and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by STAT3 and polyamine-dependent mechanisms.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) impair antitumor immune responses. Identifying regulatory circuits during MDSC development may bring new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. We report that the V-domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) functions as a key enabler of MDSC differentiation.

Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Reveals Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles by Radiologic Response in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: A single arm, phase II trial of carboplatin, nab-paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab (CNP) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) was designed to evaluate overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), safety/tolerability, overall survival (OS), and identify pathologic and transcriptomic correlates of response to therapy.

Patients And Methods: Patients with ≤2 prior therapies for metastatic disease were treated with CNP regardless of tumor programmed cell death-ligand 1 status. Core tissue biopsies were obtained prior to treatment initiation.

Seasonal influence on microplastics in the sediments of a non-perennial river - Noyyal, Tamil Nadu, India.

Microplastic (MP) is a contaminant presently causing a significant environmental risk. The present study aims to extract, measure, and classify MP in sediment samples from two seasons (monsoon and summer) in Noyyal River, South India. Microplastic was separated from sediments using the Sediment Microplastic Isolation technique.

Sustainment of continuous pulse oximetry deimplementation: Analysis of Eliminating Monitor Overuse study data from six hospitals.

Using continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO ) to monitor children with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen is a form of medical overuse. In this longitudinal analysis from the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) study, we aimed to assess changes in cSpO overuse before, during, and after intensive cSpO -deimplementation efforts in six hospitals. Monitoring data were collected during three phases: "P1" baseline, "P2" active deimplementation (all sites engaged in education and audit and feedback strategies), and "P3" sustainment (a new baseline measured after strategies were withdrawn).

A Review on Catalytic Fast Co-Pyrolysis Using Analytical Py-GC/MS.

Py-GC/MS combines pyrolysis with analytical tools of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and is a quick and highly effective method to analyse the volatiles generated from small amounts of feeds. The review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks, including biomass wastes (plants and animals) and municipal waste materials, to improve the yield of specific volatile products. The utilisation of zeolite catalysts, including HZSM-5 and nMFI, results in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in the hydrocarbon content of pyrolysis products.

A conserved SNP variation in the pre-miR396c flanking region in Oryza sativa indica landraces correlates with mature miRNA abundance.

Plant precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNA) have conserved evolutionary footprints that correlate with mode of miRNA biogenesis. In plants, base to loop and loop to base modes of biogenesis have been reported. Conserved structural element(s) in pre-miRNA play a major role in turn over and abundance of mature miRNA.

Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Presenting as a Pulmonary Entity.

Acute dyspnea is one of the most common presentations in acute/emergency settings, and acute pulmonary edema remains a leading cause in adults resulting from either cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic etiologies. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is one of the less common forms of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema seen in emergency departments, neurology units, or intensive care units. It usually develops rapidly following significant neurological insult seen in patients with intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injuries, and epileptic seizures.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and fish from three Asian countries: Species-specific bioaccumulation and potential ecological risks.

In Asian developing countries, undeveloped and ineffective sewer systems are causing surface water pollution by a lot of contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Therefore, the risks for freshwater fauna need to be assessed. The present study aimed at: i) elucidating the contamination status; ii) evaluating the bioaccumulation; and iii) assessing the potential risks of PPCP residues in surface water and freshwater fish from three Asian countries.