Polarization enhanced GaN separate absorption and multiplication ultraviolet avalanche photodiodeswith an ScGaN interlayer.

This article proposes a separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) GaN-based avalanche photodiode (APD) that achieves both high gain and low operating voltage by applying Sc-based ferroelectric material ScGaN in APDs. The avalanche gain of the proposed SAM APD with a low Sc composition p-ScGaN insertion layer reaches 7.2 × 10, which is 60% higher than that of a conventional p-i-p-i-n GaN-based APD.

Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on Si-Based Dielectric Films Grown by ICP-CVD.

Silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride thin films were deposited on the Si substrate by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition and annealed at 1100 °C for 3 min in an Ar environment. Silicon nitride and silicon oxide films deposited at ratios of the reactant flow rates of SiH/N = 1.875 and SiH/NO = 3, respectively, were Si-rich, while Si excess for the oxynitride film (SiH/N/NO = 3:2:2) was not found.

[The morphological characteristics of HIV-associated tuberculosis in relation to blood CD4+ lymphocyte counts].

Objective: To investigate the morphological features of HIV-associated tuberculosis with different peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte counts.

Material And Methods: Intraoperative and biopsy specimens from 148 patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis were examined. Group 1 included 16 (10.

[Acute toxic dystrophy of the liver during antituberculosis therapy].

The paper considers a case of acute toxic dystrophy of the liver developing as a manifestation of an idiosyncratic dose-independent unpredictable reaction during standard antituberculosis therapy. The process of liver damage was fulminant with massive diffuse centrilobular necroses, lymphoid-eosinophilic infiltration in the portal tracts, and the development of liver failure.

[Basic principles in the formulation of a postmortem diagnosis in HIV-associated infections].

If a patient dies from HIV-associated disease, after the heading "Underlying disease" the postmortem diagnosis should contain the heading "Secondary diseases" wherein HIV-associated infection is given with the form, site, extent, and activity of the process being indicated. While comparing clinical and postmortem diagnoses in HIV infection, the discrepancy should be specified in view of a secondary disease. If there are a few HIV-associated infections, they all are indicated in the heading "Secondary diseases", one of them, the complications of which are of crucial importance in tanatogenesis, is better chosen to be encoded in the medical death certificate.

[24-hour monitoring central aortic pressure in patients with hypertensive disease and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A total of 58 patients with essential hypertension were examined. 27 of them had a combination of essential hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 31 persons had isolated essential hypertension. The control group included 13 healthy individuals.

[Mechanism of hepatoprotective action of methionine and composition "Metovitan" against a background of antituberculosis drug administration to rats].

Oral administration of antituberculosis drugs to rats for 60 days in doses that are equivalent to clinical ones, causes changes in mRNA levels expression of liver cytochrome P-450 isoforms CYP3A2, CYP2C23, CYP2E1 and pro- and antioxidant state. Experimental composition "Metovitan" given with anti-TB drugs provided a correction of these abnormalities, that is evidenced by modulation of the level of CYP3A2, CYP2C23, CYP2E1 gene expression and antioxidant activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation. "Metovitan" normalizes the enzymatic activity and content of total billirubin in the blood serum, shows high hepatoprotective properties, exceeding the efficiency of methionine.

[Oxidized derivatives of thiamine: formation, properties, biological role].

The data available in literature about formation, properties, possible biological role and practical application of the oxidized derivatives of B1 vitamin (thiamine) is first generalized and analysed in the review. It is known that at the values of pH > 7.0 the molecule of thiamine is able to undergo two-phase reaction of opening of thiazole ring with formation of anion of thiol form of thiamine and unstable tricyclic form.

[Specific features of lymphoid infiltration in liver biopsy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C].

Aim: To study characteristics of leukocytic infiltration of the liver in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CVHB and CVHC) with consideration of hepatitis activity and fibrosis severity.

Material And Methods: The examination of 37 patients with CVHB (n = 13) and CVHC (n = 24) included liver puncture biopsy by Mengini, subsequent histological and morphological investigation of liver biopsy with immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry.

Results: In CVHB and CVHC patients leukocytic infiltrates (LI) of the liver present primarily with T-lymphocytes (CD3+), NKT cells (CD3+CD16+CD56+), NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+).

[Analysis of lethal outcomes in patients with newly-diagnosed tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in combination with HIV-infection].

Aim: To analyse lethal outcomes in patients with newly-diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis comorbid with HIV-infection depending on initial count of CD4+ lymphocytes.

Material And Methods: Of 304 HIV patients with newly-diagnosed tuberculosis treated in Moscow Tubercusis Hospital N 7 in 2006-2010, 40 (13.2%) patients died.

[Destructive changes of lung in HIV-associated infections: differential diagnosis].

HIV-associated infections have progressing and generalized character and most of all affect the lung caused destructive lung disorders. The morphology of opportunistic infections is unclear because of inadequate immune response to severe immunodeficiency. For the right differential diagnosis of the destructive lung changes in HIV-associated infections it's necessary to use complete bacteriological, cytological, histological, histobacteriological and molecular-genetic researches.

[Possibilities of using MIGI-K protective activity under conditions of radionuclide contamination].

Experimental studies of the mussel hydrolyzate (MIGI-K) have shown that this preparation can enhance both general and radiation resistance of the organism. Moreover, MIGI-K promotes elimination of incorporated radionuclides from the organism. Some properties of this preparation, in particular, the absence of toxicity or harmful side effects, have made it possible to apply MIGI-K as an adaptogen, that is, a food supplement oftherapeutic and preventive action used to increase radionuclide excretion in the Chernobyl emergency clean-up workers.

[Existence of two different active sites on thiamine binding protein in plasma membranes of synaptosomes].

The current work is aimed at understanding the structure and functionality of thiamine binding protein (TBP) in neural cells plasma membranes. The influence of thiamine triphosphate on thiamine binding by TBP in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from the rat brain was investigated. It was shown that thiamine triphosphate inhibits thiamine binding activity of SPM in concurrent manner (K(i) = 1.

[Features of epidemiology and diagnostics of toxoplasmosis during HIV-infection].

Aim: Comparative assessment of effectiveness of serologic methods for toxoplasmosis diagnostics in patients with HIV-infection.

Materials And Methods: Sera and CSF samples from 166 patients with AIDS stage IIIB were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoblotting. Results of serological tests were compared with clinical, pathological data as well as with results of MRI and PCR.

[Complications of typhoid fever and its causes in an epidemic focus].

Autopsy records, case histories, and archival organ and tissue samples were studied in 109 Soviet military men during the Afghanistan war, who had died of typhoid fever in 1980-1986. Morphological and statistical studies demonstrated that the current pattern and frequency of complications and immediate causes of death with the epidemic incidence in the endemic focus largely corresponded to those in the preantibiotic period. The specific features were the higher rate and early development of enteric complications, infectious myocarditis, and infectious-toxic shock, the higher, as compared with the past years, proportion of deaths from circulatory diseases and a reduction of cases of total intoxication.

[Characteristics of thiamine triphosphatase from neural cells plasma membranes].

The kinetic parameters of the ThTP hydrolysis by synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rat brain were investigated. It was shown that the ThTPase reaction pH optimum was 7.4, the apparent K(m) was 52 microM and the apparent affinity constant for Mg2+ was 1.

[Study of persistence of low virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii on in vivo model].

Aim: To study virulence of Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated from pathologicoanatomic brain tissue of HIV-infected patients on in vivo model as well as immune response to the pathogen in immunocompetent animals and in animals with cyclophosphamide-induced areactivity.

Materials And Methods: Groups of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice were inoculated with cysts of T. gondii obtained from brain tissues of deceased HIV-infected patients.

Lamin B content in chromatin fractions after purification of nuclear matrix from cells of different types.

We analyzed the content of lamin B, one of the main proteins of the nuclear membrane, in different chromatin fractions obtained during purification of the nuclear matrix from different cell types. Depending on cell type and nuclear matrix preparation technique, lamin B was found in different not associated with matrix chromatin compartments. This effect was observed after chromatin extraction with ammonium chloride after nucleolysis and after chromatin extraction with sodium chloride before nuclease treatment.

[Characteristics of the cytokine profile and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C in comparison to severity of morphological changes of the liver].

Aim: To study cytokine concentration in blood serum in spontaneous and NDV- and PGA stimulated production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and contents of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations when compared with severity of morphological changes of the liver in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB and CHC).

Material And Methods: A total of 37 patients entered the trial (13 with CHB and 24 with CHC). Concentrations of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6 in blood serum in spontaneous and NDV and PGA stimulated PBMC production, content of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, HLADR, CD20, CD38 subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined.

[Lung pathology in HIV-associated infections].

The lung and intrathoracic lymph nodes taken from 153 persons who had taken from HIV infection at the age of 20 to 32 years, with the development of various infectious diseases were examined. Secondary diseases were of generalized progressive pattern. Among these diseases accompanied by pulmonary lesions tuberculosis, as well as bacterial pneumonias, cytomegalovirus infection, pneumocystic pneumonia, cryptococcosis, and non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases were most common.

[Production of certain cytokines in blood sera of patients with hypertensive disease and early stages of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The results of investigation of blood serum interleikins in hypertensive patients in combination with early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are presented. The increase of interleikin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hypertensive patients of the I - II stages in comparison with healthy person was marked. In the presence of accompanied COPD of the I stage more increased number of cytokins was determined.

[Thiamine metabolism disorders in the rat brain in experimental alcoholism and a possibility of their correction by vitamin E].

The influence of the chronic consumption of alcohol on biochemical reactions of thiamine metabolism in the rat brain is investigated. It is shown that the content of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) in the brain tissue does not change at these conditions, though there is an essential decrease in the thiamine-kinase activity. The ability of the isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) to absorb labelled thiamine also decreases under this condition.

[The clinical and morphological features of the course of tuberculosis in HIV infection].

The development of an acutely progressing process of varying extent to the point of total damage to both lungs is typical of a patient with tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection due to progressive immunodeficiency. There is an apparent need for dividing patients with comorbidity into 2 groups: (1) HIV/TB, in patients HIV infection is a primary disease; (2) TB/HIV, in whom tuberculosis is accordingly primary. These groups differ in clinical manifestations, forms of tuberculosis, and pathomorphological changes.

[Lipid peroxidation in hypertensive disease concurrent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A hundred and thirty-four hypertensive patients were examined, 75 of them had concomitant first-degree chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As compared with the control group, the patients were found to have elevated levels of primary, secondary, and intermediate products of serum lipid peroxidation and lower activities of catalase of red blood cells and their peroxide resistance. All changes were most pronounced in concomitant COPD.