Preliminary clinical evaluation: Where are we? An international scoping review.

Background: The College of Radiographers' vision was that diagnostic radiographers in the UK would be writing preliminary clinical evaluations (PCE) on images. Their 2013 policy supporting the use of PCE has not been updated in a decade and it might be suggested PCE practices in the UK have not really moved on, though elsewhere it appears to have gained traction. The aim of this scoping review was to establish the current global status of the use of PCE.

Environmentally Friendly Masonry Mortar Blended with Fly Ash, Corn Cob Ash or Ceramic Waste Powder.

Implementing a circular approach through waste valorization in mortar production with environmentally efficient mix design is a viable pathway for relieving the ecological burden of greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion and waste management. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using fly ash (FA), corn cob ash (CCA), and ceramic waste powder (CWP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in cement-lime masonry mortars. As part of an extensive experimental study, twelve mortar mixtures were made: three reference and nine blended, with mixing ratios of 1:1:5, 1:0.

Effects of Grinding Methods and Water-to-Binder Ratio on the Properties of Cement Mortars Blended with Biomass Ash and Ceramic Powder.

To combat environmental challenges-such as the depletion of natural resources and a high carbon footprint-and contribute to the effort of achieving zero-waste technology and sustainable development, the use of agricultural and industrial wastes in the cement industry has created a research interest. This study explores the potential of two types of harvest residue ash (HRA) and three types of ceramic waste (CP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) through: (1) the characterization of raw materials and (2) examining the physical properties and mechanical performance of cement-based mortar samples prepared with 10%, 30% and 50%wt of the selected SCMs ground into powder form as cement replacement. Two main variables were the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and the effect of different grinding procedures.

Iron deficiency in nonanaemic COPD patients-Could Low haemoglobin density and Microcytic anaemia factor be usefull?

Introduction: Erythrocyte indices LHD and Maf are complementary parameters to complete blood count and have been shown as reliable iron deficiency markers in different clinical settings. The aim of the study was to assess diagnostic performances of LHD and Maf in detecting iron deficiency in nonanaemic stable COPD patients.

Methods: A total of 93 nonanaemic stable COPD patients were classified as either iron deficient (ID, N = 15) or non-iron deficient (non-ID, N = 78).

Qualitative content analysis of image interpretation education in UK pre-registration diagnostic radiography programmes.

Introduction: Image interpretation is a required capability for all UK pre-registration programmes in diagnostic radiography to meet the needs of graduate practice. It also provides a potential educational foundation for future advanced clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore how image interpretation education is designed, delivered, and assessed within contemporary UK pre-registration diagnostic radiography programmes.

Profiling of microorganism-binding serum antibody specificities in professional athletes.

The goal of this work was to elucidate similarities between microorganisms from the perspective of the humoral immune system reactivity in professional athletes. The reactivity of serum IgG of 14 young, individuals was analyzed to 23 selected microorganisms as antigens by use of the in house ELISA. Serum IgM and IgA reactivity was also analyzed and a control group of sex and age matched individuals was used for comparison.

Estrogen as modulator of genes expression involved in control of reproduction.

The hypothalamic neurons, pituitary and their target cells, as genetically programmed to respond specifically to gonadal steroids (GS) and seasonal photoperiodic stimuli, play a crucial role in regulation of target genes transcription and regulatory ligands are conserved throughout evolution. Memory of these cells, acquired through the advanced evolution and programmed genes expression, may be modulated, transitory or permanently, by GS and estrogen (E) is a key hormone of these steroids. Pituitary chromophobes (Chr) and prolactin (PRL) cells reactions of birds and rats to GS and seasonal photoperiod were used as a parameter for elucidation of hypothalamic neurons and regulation of the animals reproduction.

Biology of kidney cells: ontogeny-recapitulating phylogeny.

Biology of kidney cells can be used as a model for further understanding of ontogeny-recapitulating phylogeny. The common and species-specific structural and functional relationship between blood capillaries and the environment via a filtration barrier of nephrons is a biological phenomenon resulting from renal cell memory acquired through evolution. Genetically programmed development, a subsequent series of gene expression, and inductive interactions played a key role in differentiation and maintenance of specific activities of kidneys in birds and mammals.

Regulation of ovarian hyperluteinization.

Adult female rats with neonatally damaged posterior hypothalamus, made by a transversal cut, were investigated. Plasma levels of prolactin (PRL), gonadotropic hormones (GTH) and female gonadal steroids (GS) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The animals were sacrificed, at the ages of 4 and 6 months and their hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary and uterus were examined using light microscopy.

[The effect of knowledge regarding the importance of oral health in pregnancy].

Introduction: Although in modern dental medicine a pregnant woman and her foetus are completely safe during all dental procedures, the prevention is still the most effective measure for the preservation of oral health in pregnancy. However, pregnant women often visit a stomatologist only when there are already serious disturbances, regardless of the fact that they are referred to a stomatologist even at their first visit to a gynaecologist. The aim of the study was to investigate (possible) changes in pregnant women's attitudes toward oral health during pregnancy according to our educational programme.

Basal and stress induced concentrations of adrenal gland catecholamines and plasma ACTH during aging.

Basal and stress levels of catecholamines (CA) in the adrenal glands, and circulatory levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were examined in female Wistar rats aged 1, 3, 10 and 24 months. Our data showed reduction in basal dopamine (DA) concentration in adrenal glands and an increase in this catecholamine in response to stress at all ages (1, 3, 10, 24 months). The greatest levels of basal norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations in the adrenal glands were noted in intact rats at the age of 24 months.

New simple ink writing pen system for kymograph recording.

Extraordinarily simple, inexpensive and easily available kymograph ink writing pen system for physiological and pharmacological recordings has been described. The writing part of the pen, consisting of a small porous fibrous writing rod to which a small spongy absorbing cylinder (as an ink container) is added, is attached to one end of a very light plastic strip of which opposite end is connected to a common mechanical lever. The function of the pen was investigated by recording spontaneous frog heart contractions in situ.

The effect of constant light on the concentration of catecholamines of the hypothalamus and adrenal glands, circulatory hadrenocorticotropin hormone and progesterone.

The participation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the control of adrenal glands and the regulation of ACTH secretion in female rats exposed to constant light for six weeks were studied. A significant increase of plasma ACTH (p < 0.05) in rats exposed to constant light is in correlation with an increase of epinephrine (E) synthesis in adrenal gland (p < 0.

Biology of hypothalamic neurons and pituitary cells.

Results obtained by examining hypothalamic neurons producing precursors to neurohormones, and pituitary cells synthesizing peptide and glycoprotein families of hormones, and recent advances in comparative endocrinology, have been summarized and considered from the following viewpoints: species specificity in the organization and communication of the hypothalamic neurons with different brain areas lying inside the BBB and with CVOs; sensitivity of hypothalamic neurons and pituitary cells to the environmental stimuli; gonadal steroids as modulators of gene expression needed for neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis; dose(s)-dependent pituitary cell proliferation and differentiation; an inverse relationship between PRL and GH synthesis and release and also between degree of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of PRL cells and retardation of GTH cell differentiation; and responsiveness of neurons producing CRH, and of neurons and pituitary cells synthesizing POMC hormones, to stress and glucocorticosteroids. These data show that growth of the animals may be stimulated, retarded, or inhibited; reproductive properties and behavior may be under hormonal control; and character of responsiveness in reaction to stress, and ability for adaptation and other related functions, may be controlled.

Catecholamines in hypothalamus, ovaries and uteri of rats with precocious puberty.

The concentration of catecholamines in the hypothalamus and reproductive organs of rats with hypothalamic lesions placed on the day of birth was investigated. In an attempt to contribute to the discussion concerning the role of catecholamines in regulation of puberty, the aim of this study was to examine the content of hypothalamic, ovarian and uterine catecholamines in female rats with precocious vaginal opening. The animals were sacrificed on the day of precocious puberty, which occurred at the age of 25.

[Specificity of thyroid follicular cells].

Thyroid follicular cells, as polarised endocrine cells in fish, amphibia, reptile, birds and mammalia, release Tg molecules, mainly via apical cytoplasm. These products known as colloid, the amount, contents, staining affinity, density and absorptive capacity, differs clearly even in follicules of the same gland. The pathways of secretion by "a regulated type of exocytoses" are clear signs of cell memory acquired during evolution and genetical program.

The effect of perinatal oestrogen treatment on the troph-hormone secreting cells of the anterior pituitary of the rat.

Late effect of the perinatal administration of oestradiol dipropionate on pituitary gonadotrophs and the morphology of the LH-RH neuronal system was tested both in male and female rats. Oestrogen caused a severe reduction in the number and size of immunodetectable gonadotrophs in both sexes. By the 90th day of life, however, immunomorphology and distribution of the gonadotroph cells had became normal, and also the LH-RH system of the animals was similar to that of the intact controls.

Influence of maternal adrenalectomy on the ultrastructure of the adrenal gland in neonatal rats.

Maternal adrenalectomy at 7 or 14 days of gestation produced increased cell necrosis within zona reticularis cells on the day of birth and at 24 or 48 h after birth. Small remnants or large portions of adrenocortical cells were present within macrophages. In otherwise normal adrenocortical cells, lipid droplets were incorporated within some mitochondria.

RNA and protein synthesis in spontaneous rosette formation by T lymphocytes.

Formation of rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes has been studied. Trypsinization of these cells abolishes the capacity to form SRBC-rosettes. The process of re-establishment of this capacity to form SRBC-rosettes, in vitro, has been shown by use of metabolic inhibitors to require transcription, translation, and protein synthesis.

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells of rats after head irradiation.

The heads of intact rats and of rats 15 days after adrenalectomy were irradiated with 1200 R. Some of the adrenalectomized animals with irradiated heads were treated with 5 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate. In adrenocorticotropic cells of adrenalectomized rats 15 and 30 days after irradiation, the decreased amount of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi regression imply a considerably decreased protein synthesis.

[Study of endemic nephropathies].

Clinical and microscopic investigations in the kidneys of patients with endemic nephropathy have revealed alterations in the epithelial cells of glomeruli and in the epthelium of nephron segments, and thickening of the basal membranes. These changes have been studied from the viewpoint of distrubances in filtration and reabsorption, and indicate that the primary alterations occur in the glomeruli, i.e.