Control of hypercapnia and mortality in home mechanical ventilation: the population-based DISCOVERY study.

Background: Studies on the survival of patients with home mechanical ventilation (HMV) are sparse. We aimed to analyse the impact of controlled hypercapnia on survival over 27 years among patients with HMV in Sweden.

Study Design And Methods: Population-based cohort study of adult patients starting HMV in the Swedish Registry for Respiratory Failure (Swedevox) during 1996-2022 cross-linked with the National Cause of Death registry.

Home Mechanical Ventilation and Risk of Hospitalization in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome - The Population-based DISCOVERY Study.

Rationale: Patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) have high risk of hospitalization, which might be decreased by home mechanical ventilation (HMV).

Objectives: To evaluate annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) and change in AHR in patients with OHS starting home mechanical ventilation (HMV), and explore if there were any difference in AHR by starting HMV acutely or electively.

Methods: Population-based longitudinal study of patients with OHS starting HMV in the Swedish DISCOVERY cohort between 1996 and 2018, cross-linked with the National Patient Registry for national data on hospital admissions.

The Swedish sleep apnea registry (SESAR) cohort - "Real world data" on a national level.

Introduction: The Swedish Sleep Apnea Registry (SESAR) collects clinical data from individual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients since 2010. SESAR has recently been integrated with additional national healthcare data. The current analysis presents the SESAR structure and representative clinical data of a national sleep apnea cohort.

Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for 24 or 15 Hours per Day in Severe Hypoxemia.

Background: Long-term oxygen supplementation for at least 15 hours per day prolongs survival among patients with severe hypoxemia. On the basis of a nonrandomized comparison, long-term oxygen therapy has been recommended to be used for 24 hours per day, a more burdensome regimen.

Methods: To test the hypothesis that long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day does not result in a lower risk of hospitalization or death at 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day, we conducted a multicenter, registry-based, randomized, controlled trial involving patients who were starting oxygen therapy for chronic, severe hypoxemia at rest.

The transition from children to young people living with home mechanical ventilation.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine how young people living with Home Mechanical Ventilation experience the transition from childhood to young adulthood in relation to everyday life, perceived health and transition into adult professional healthcare.

Methods: Nine young adults (three females and six males aged 18-31) were interviewed, and data was primary analysed using phenomenological hermeneutics. In the actual study, data was reworked using secondary analysis as described by Beck.

Heritability of cough across two generations: the RHINESSA study.

Aim: Heritability of cough has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate if individuals with cough are more likely to have offspring who develop cough, and if these associations differ by type of cough (productive/nonproductive).

Methods: The RHINESSA Generation Study (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, Spain and Australia) includes 7155 parents (initially aged 30-54) answering detailed questionnaires in 2000 and 2010, and 8176 offspring ≥20 years answering similar questionnaires in 2012-2019.

CRP, Fibrinogen, White Blood Cells, and Blood Cell Indices as Prognostic Biomarkers of Future COPD Exacerbation Frequency: The TIE Cohort Study.

: Systemic inflammation is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and evidence suggests that inflammatory biomarkers can predict acute exacerbations (AECOPDs). The aim of this study was to analyse whether C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC), or the blood cell indices PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), SII (systemic immune inflammation index), SIRI (systemic inflammation response index), and AISI (aggregate index of systemic inflammation) can predict future AECOPDs. In the Tools Identifying Exacerbations (TIE) cohort study, participants with spirometry-confirmed COPD were recruited from primary and secondary care in three Swedish regions and assessed during a stable phase of COPD.

Removing barriers to accessing medical cannabis for paediatric patients.

Medical cannabis (MC) may offer therapeutic benefits for children with complex neurological conditions and chronic diseases. In Canada, parents, and caregivers frequently report encountering barriers when accessing MC for their children. These include negative preconceived notions about risks and benefits, challenges connecting with a knowledgeable healthcare provider (HCP), the high cost of MC products, and navigating MC product shortages.

Endogenous complement-activating IgM is not required for primary antibody responses but promotes plasma cell differentiation and secondary antibody responses to a large particulate antigen in mice.

Lack of complement factor C1q of the classical pathway results in severely impaired primary antibody responses. This is a paradox because antibodies, especially IgM, are the most efficient activators of the classical pathway and very little specific IgM will be present at priming. A possible explanation would be that natural IgM, binding with low affinity to the antigen, may suffice to activate complement.

Young adults' narratives about living with home mechanical ventilation - a phenomenological hermeneutical study.

Purpose: An increasing number of children and young adults with complex medical conditions and respiratory failure are treated with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). The current study aimed to describe how young adults using HMV experience their everyday life with the ventilator, their physical impairments and their opportunities for an educational and professional career.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected via narrative interviews with nine young HMV users (3 females and 6 males, aged 18-31 years) in their homes.

Germline-encoded specificities and the predictability of the B cell response.

Antibodies result from the competition of B cell lineages evolving under selection for improved antigen recognition, a process known as affinity maturation. High-affinity antibodies to pathogens such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 are frequently reported to arise from B cells whose receptors, the precursors to antibodies, are encoded by particular immunoglobulin alleles. This raises the possibility that the presence of particular germline alleles in the B cell repertoire is a major determinant of the quality of the antibody response.

The Matrix-M™ adjuvant: A critical component of vaccines for the 21 century.

Matrix-M™ adjuvant is a key component of several novel vaccine candidates. The Matrix-M adjuvant consists of two distinct fractions of saponins purified from the Molina tree, combined with cholesterol and phospholipids to form 40-nm open cage-like nanoparticles, achieving potent adjuvanticity with a favorable safety profile. Matrix-M induces early activation of innate immune cells at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes.

Criminal Behaviour After Diagnosis of a Neurocognitive Disorder: A Nationwide Finnish Register Study.

Objective: To explore criminal behavior of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or Lewy body dementias (LBD) after the diagnosis.

Design: Nationwide register study.

Setting: Information on diagnoses and criminality was received from Finnish registers.

Association between obstructive sleep apnoea and cancer: a cross-sectional, population-based study of the DISCOVERY cohort.

Objectives: Nocturnal hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a potential risk factor for cancer. We aimed to investigate the association between OSA measures and cancer prevalence in a large national patient cohort.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Cylindrical ionization chamber response in static and dynamic 6 and 15 MV photon beams.

To investigate the response of the CC13 ionization chamber under non-reference photon beam conditions, focusing on penumbra and build-up regions of static fields and on dynamic intensity-modulated beams.. Measurements were performed in 6 MV 100 × 100, 20 × 100, and 20 × 20 mmstatic fields.

Nasal polyposis is a risk factor for nonadherence to CPAP treatment in sleep apnea: the population-based DISCOVERY study.

Study Objectives: The aim was to evaluate nasal polyposis as a risk factor for nonadherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal analysis of patients starting CPAP treatment for OSA in the Swedish quality registry Swedevox between 2010 and 2018. Data were cross-linked with national registries.

Intrahost evolution of the HIV-2 capsid correlates with progression to AIDS.

HIV-2 infection will progress to AIDS in most patients without treatment, albeit at approximately half the rate of HIV-1 infection. HIV-2 capsid (p26) amino acid polymorphisms are associated with lower viral loads and enhanced processing of T cell epitopes, which may lead to protective Gag-specific T cell responses common in slower progressors. Lower virus evolutionary rates, and positive selection on conserved residues in HIV-2 have been associated with slower progression to AIDS.

Adherence to CPAP therapy in Down syndrome: the population-based DISCOVERY study.

Study Objectives: Persons with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) needing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), but data on the therapy and outcomes in this population are scarce. We aimed to compare patient characteristics and outcomes of CPAP treatment for patients with OSA with and without DS.

Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal study on patients initiating CPAP therapy between July 2010 and March 2018 in Sweden and a population-based sex- and age-matched control group (control:case ratio 5:1), with linked data from the Swedish National Patient Registry and the Prescribed Drug Registry (DISCOVERY study cohort).

Intra-Patient Evolution of HIV-2 Molecular Properties.

Limited data are available on the pathogenesis of HIV-2, and the evolution of Env molecular properties during disease progression is not fully elucidated. We investigated the intra-patient evolution of molecular properties of HIV-2 Env regions (V1-C3) during the asymptomatic, treatment-naïve phase of the infection in 16 study participants, stratified into faster or slower progressors. Most notably, the rate of change in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) within the Env (V1-C3) regions differed between progressor groups.