Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Silver-Based Metal-Organic Chalcogenolates.

We report nucleophilic displacement reactions that can increase the dimensionality or coordination number of silver-based metal-organic chalcogenolates (MOChas). MOChas are crystalline ensembles containing one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) inorganic topologies with structures and properties defined by the choice of metal, chalcogen, and ligand. MOChas can be readily prepared from a variety of small-molecule ligands and metals or metal ions.

Is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length?

This is a retrospective chart and radiographic review of 145 patients who underwent full-body EOS imaging; 109 males and 36 females. The mean ages of the female and male subsets are 28.8 (SD = 11.

Electron transport through supercrystals of atomically precise gold nanoclusters: a thermal bi-stability effect.

Nanoparticles (NPs) may behave like atoms or molecules in the self-assembly into artificial solids with stimuli-responsive properties. However, the functionality engineering of nanoparticle-assembled solids is still far behind the aesthetic approaches for molecules, with a major problem arising from the lack of atomic-precision in the NPs, which leads to incoherence in superlattices. Here we exploit coherent superlattices (or supercrystals) that are assembled from atomically precise AuS(SR) NPs (core dia.

In Situ Structural Observation of a Substrate- and Peroxide-Bound High-Spin Ferric-Hydroperoxo Intermediate in the P450 Enzyme CYP121.

The P450 enzyme CYP121 from catalyzes a carbon-carbon (C-C) bond coupling cyclization of the dityrosine substrate containing a diketopiperazine ring, (l-tyrosine-l-tyrosine) (cYY). An unusual high-spin ( = 5/2) ferric intermediate maximizes its population in less than 5 ms in the rapid freeze-quenching study of CYP121 during the shunt reaction with peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid solution. We show that this intermediate can also be observed in the crystalline state by EPR spectroscopy.

XFEL Microcrystallography of Self-Assembling Silver -Alkanethiolates.

New synthetic hybrid materials and their increasing complexity have placed growing demands on crystal growth for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Unfortunately, not all chemical systems are conducive to the isolation of single crystals for traditional characterization. Here, small-molecule serial femtosecond crystallography (smSFX) at atomic resolution (0.

A lionfish-inspired predation strategy in planar structured environments.

This paper investigates a pursuit-evasion game with a single pursuer and evader in a bounded environment, inspired by observations of predation attempts by lionfish (). The pursuer tracks the evader with a pure pursuit strategy while using an additional bioinspired tactic to trap the evader, i.e.

Structural evidence for intermediates during O formation in photosystem II.

In natural photosynthesis, the light-driven splitting of water into electrons, protons and molecular oxygen forms the first step of the solar-to-chemical energy conversion process. The reaction takes place in photosystem II, where the MnCaO cluster first stores four oxidizing equivalents, the S to S intermediate states in the Kok cycle, sequentially generated by photochemical charge separations in the reaction center and then catalyzes the O-O bond formation chemistry. Here, we report room temperature snapshots by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography to provide structural insights into the final reaction step of Kok's photosynthetic water oxidation cycle, the S→[S]→S transition where O is formed and Kok's water oxidation clock is reset.

Congenital Synostosis of the Knee: Long-term Outcomes of Limb Reconstruction Surgery.

Background: Congenital synostosis of the knee is a rare condition with limited data on treatment options and outcomes. This study reports clinical findings, treatment approach, and surgical/clinical outcomes for congenital synostosis of the knee.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective review of patients with congenital synostosis of the knee presenting to 2 institutions between 1997 and 2021 was performed.

Rotational Guided Growth: A Preliminary Study of Its Use in Children.

Torsional malalignment of the legs is common in children, and those that do not remodel may benefit from surgical correction. Traditionally, this is corrected with an open osteotomy. Guided growth is the gold standard for minimally invasive angular correction and has been investigated for use in torsional deformities.

Multiplier Method for Predicting the Sitting Height Growth at Maturity: A Database Analysis.

This study aims to develop multipliers for the spine and sitting height to predict sitting height at maturity. With the aid of longitudinal and cross-sectional clinical databases, we divided the total sitting height, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar lengths at skeletal maturity by these same four factors at each age for each percentile given. A series of comparisons were then carried out between the multipliers as well as the percentiles and the varied racial and ethnic groups within them.

Explainable machine learning for chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment prediction using only inexpensive tests.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common types of leukemia in the western world which affects mainly the elderly population. Progress of the disease is very heterogeneous both in terms of necessity of treatment and life expectancy. The current scoring system for prognostic evaluation of patients with CLL is called CLL-IPI and predicts the general progress of the disease but is not a measure or a decision aid for the necessity of treatment.

Combination Treatment by Cross-Union of the Tibia and Fibula, Autogenic Iliac Bone Grafting, Reliable Fixation and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for the Treatment of Refractory Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia.

Background: The treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) remains a challenge because of the difficulties of achieving and maintaining bone union, as well as complications of joint deformity and limb-length discrepancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cross-union of the tibia and fibula in achieving union and preventing refracture for patients with refractory CPT as a complementary approach to improve upon conventional surgical treatments.

Methods: A retrospective study including patients with refractory CPT who attended our department between June 2014 and August 2020.

High-Spin Superatom Stabilized by Dual Subshell Filling.

Quantum confinement in small symmetric clusters leads to the bunching of electronic states into closely packed shells, enabling the classification of clusters with well-defined valences as superatoms. Like atoms, superatomic clusters with filled shells exhibit enhanced electronic stability. Here, we show that octahedral transition-metal chalcogenide clusters can achieve filled shell electronic configurations when they have 100 valence electrons in 50 orbitals or 114 valence electrons in 57 orbitals.

Modified Langenskiöld procedure for congenital patella dislocations in pediatric patients.

Background: Great difficulty and more failures were the descriptions of the treatment of congenital patella dislocation in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of patients with congenital patellar dislocations treated with the modified Langenskiöld procedure.

Methods: The medical records of 16 knees in 11 patients with a diagnosis of congenital patella dislocation were collected from September 2016 to March 2019.

XFEL serial crystallography reveals the room temperature structure of methyl-coenzyme M reductase.

Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase (MCR) catalyzes the biosynthesis of methane in methanogenic archaea, using a catalytic Ni-centered Cofactor F430 in its active site. It also catalyzes the reverse reaction, that is, the anaerobic activation and oxidation, including the cleavage of the CH bond in methane. Because methanogenesis is the major source of methane on earth, understanding the reaction mechanism of this enzyme can have massive implications in global energy balances.

Chemical crystallography by serial femtosecond X-ray diffraction.

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials represent a large share of newly reported structures, owing to their simple synthetic routes and customizable properties. This proliferation has led to a characterization bottleneck: many hybrid materials are obligate microcrystals with low symmetry and severe radiation sensitivity, interfering with the standard techniques of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microdiffraction. Here we demonstrate small-molecule serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (smSFX) for the determination of material crystal structures from microcrystals.

Simultaneous Limb Lengthening With Ankle Fusion Using an Internal Lengthening Nail.

We reviewed 18 limbs in 17 patients who underwent ankle fusion with simultaneous tibial lengthening with a magnetic internal lengthening nail. All patients had preoperative limb length discrepancy (LLD) (mean 4.9 cm (2.

Room temperature XFEL crystallography reveals asymmetry in the vicinity of the two phylloquinones in photosystem I.

Photosystem I (PS I) has a symmetric structure with two highly similar branches of pigments at the center that are involved in electron transfer, but shows very different efficiency along the two branches. We have determined the structure of cyanobacterial PS I at room temperature (RT) using femtosecond X-ray pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that shows a clear expansion of the entire protein complex in the direction of the membrane plane, when compared to previous cryogenic structures. This trend was observed by complementary datasets taken at multiple XFEL beamlines.

Prediction of Radial Head Subluxation and Dislocation in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.

Background: Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare bone disease that results in growth of benign cartilage-capped tumors and a number of skeletal deformities. Forearm deformities are present in up to 60% of patients with MHE, and radial head subluxation or dislocation occurs in 20% to 30%. Radial head subluxation/dislocation results in a shortened forearm and loss of motion.

Radial Club Hand Treated by Paley Ulnarization Generation 3: Is this the New Centralization?

(1) Background: Patients treated with the two previous generations of ulnarization developed a bump related to the ulnar head becoming prominent on the radial side of the hand. To finally remedy this problem, a third generation of ulnarization was developed to keep the ulnar head contained. While still ulnar to the wrist center, the center of the wrist remains ulnar to the ulnar head, with the ulnar head articulating directly with the trapezoid and when present the trapezium.

Rotationplasty for Severe Congenital Femoral Deficiency.

Rotationplasty is a reconstructive option for severe congenital femoral deficiency (CFD). The senior author (D.P.

Cross-Union Surgery for Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia.

Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Tibia (CPT) is a rare condition with a reputation for recurrent fractures and failure to achieve union. A large variety of surgical procedures have been attempted for the treatment of fractured cases of CPT with an average rate of union without refracture of only 50%. Intentional cross-union between the tibia and fibula has been reported to improve these results to 100% union with no refractures.