Desmopressin alone versus desmopressin and an anticholinergic in the first-line treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a multicenter study.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of combination therapy with desmopressin and an anticholinergic to desmopressin monotherapy for the first-line treatment of children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE).

Methods: A total of 98 children with PMNE (male:female 71:27) aged 5-16 (mean age 7.18 ± 1.

Post-stroke depression and lesion location: A hospital based cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression is a common neuro-psychiatric consequence of stroke, affecting approximately 40% of the patients. Many studies show that in addition to the psychosocial stress, neurobiological factors such as site of infarct and brain atrophy may also be related to Post Stroke Depression (PSD). There are conflicting results in this area of research and paucity of such data in Indian literature.

Renovascular hypertension treated by renal artery embolization.

Renovascular hypertension is caused by narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. There are several methods to treat renal artery stenosis, such as medications, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, and atherosclerosis. A boy presented to our hospital with severe hypertension.

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica.

A woman in her early 40s presented with a painless ulceration on the right side of the posterior palate, she had an earlier history of similar lesions after the rupturing of blood filled blisters in the oral cavity. On examination, a diffuse erythematous area and ulcers covered with necrotic slough were noticed on the right and left side of the posterior palate and on the right buccal mucosa. On follow-up visit, a large blood filled blister was noticed in the buccal vestibule.

Migrating Ingested Foreign Body of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract with Resultant Septic Shock: Case report and literature review.

Complications due to foreign body ingestion are rare; however, if present, these can cause significant morbidity to the patient. An overlooked ingested foreign body could present as an emergency and may prove fatal. We present a case of an accidentally ingested foreign body with delayed presentation, which migrated to the neck and produced a cervical abscess presenting as septic shock.

Nerve afflictions of maxillofacial region: a report of two cases.

Neurological disorders and conditions affecting the maxillofacial region result in disabilities that affect an individual's functioning. Sensory or motor disturbances of the nerves may be caused by trauma, infections, pressure effect or infiltration by tumours or other health conditions. Two rare cases of nerve afflictions are described here with their typical clinical features.

Efficacy and perceived utility of podcasts as a supplementary teaching aid among first-year dental students.

Background: The advent of newer technology and students' growing familiarity with it has enabled information providers to introduce newer teaching methods such as audio podcasting in education. Inclusion of audio podcasts as a teaching aid for undergraduate medical or dental students could serve as a useful supplement to make reviewing more convenient and to enhance understanding and recall of the subject matter.

Aims: To assess the efficacy of podcasts as a supplementary teaching and learning aid for first-year dental students of Manipal.

Evaluation of cortisol levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in anxious and non-anxious patients with chronic periodontitis.

Background: To evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary cortisol levels in anxious and non-anxious patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 patients with a mean age 43.4 ± 6.

The Escherichia coli phylogenetic group B2 with integrons prevails in childhood recurrent urinary tract infections.

The aim of our study was to characterize the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, and containment of class 1 integrons in the first attack of pyelonephritis and in subsequent recurrences in young children. Altogether, 89 urine E. coli isolates from 41 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) were studied for prevalence and persistence of phylogenetic groups by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antibacterial resistance by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and class 1 integrons by PCR.

Salivary protein markers: a noninvasive protein profile-based method for the early diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy.

An ultra-sensitive hyphenated technique, high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence detection protein profiling of saliva, is evaluated for early detection and diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Calibration sets of protein profiles of unstimulated whole saliva are collected from clinically/pathologically normal, premalignant, and malignant subjects and used as standards. Three parameters-scores of factors, sum of squared residuals, and Mahalanobis distance-derived from principal component analysis of protein profiles of the standard calibration sets, and blind samples are used for "match/no-match" diagnosis of the blind samples.

The carotid intima media thickness: a predictor of the clincal coronary events.

Background: The Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a simple and an inexpensive tool which can be used to assess the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and it is also an independent predictor of the future cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, criticism has been raised throughout the scientific community, based on the observations which indicated a weak correlation between CIMT and coronary atherosclerosis. It has been suggested by the International Atherosclerosis Project, that the atherosclerotic process occurs at the same time in the carotid, cerebral and the coronary arteries.

A nationwide epidemiological study of nocturnal enuresis in Korean adolescents and adults: population based cross sectional study.

We performed a nationwide epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Korean adolescents and adults. A questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 51,073 people aged 16-40 yr by stratified sampling according to age, sex, and region among a 200,000 internet survey panel pool. The questionnaire included following information; presence or absence of NE, frequency of NE, possible risk factors for NE, self-esteem scale score and depression score results, and measures for the treatment of NE.

Precision of dimensional measurements of mandible in different positions on orthopantomogram.

Objective: To evaluate the precision of dimensional measurements of the mandible in two different positions on orthopantomogram (OPG) (one with mandibular plane parallel to the floor and the other with Frankfort horizontal plane parallel to the floor) and determine the dimensional reliability.

Materials And Methods: Anatomical landmarks were used to denote points for measurements on mandible as well as OPG and respective measurements made. Magnification was hence calculated and compared with magnification factor (1.

Livedoid Vasculopathy and Mononeuritis Multiplex, with a Fulminant Hepatic Failure which was caused by Herpes Simplex Hepatitis: A Case Report.

Livedoid vasculopathy with mononeuritis multiplex is a rare association. We are presenting a case of an unusual association of livedoid vasculopathy with mononeuritis multiplex, who developed fulminant hepatic failure which was secondary to Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis, while she was on treatment with immunosuppressants. Her skin biopsy and immunofluorescence studies showed the features of vasculitis.

E-cadherin expression: a diagnostic utility for differentiating breast carcinomas with ductal and lobular morphologies.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the E-Cadherin (EC) expression in differentiating between an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and an infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC), the two most common forms of invasive breast carcinomas.

Methods: The authors evaluated the E-Cadherin expression by doing immunohistochemistical studies of all the cases of invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) which were diagnosed in the pathology laboratory during a 3 year period and they compared the expression of E-Cadherin in an equal number of invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast.

Results: A moderate to strong inter-membranous E-Cadherin expression on immunohistochemistry was seen in all the cases of IDC, while only 1 case of ILC showed a moderate E-Cadherin expression.

Nitric oxide modulators: an emerging class of medicinal agents.

Nitric oxide, a unique messenger in biological system, is ubiquitously present virtually in all tissues revealing its versatile nature of being involved in diverse physiological functions such as vascular tone, inhibition of platelet aggregation, cell adhesion, neurotransmission and enzyme and immune regulation. The tremendous advancements made in the past few decades in this area suggests that the nitric oxide modulation either by its exogenous release through nitric oxide donors or inhibition of its synthesis by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in physiological milieu may provide newer clinical strategies for the treatment of some diseases. In this review, an attempt is made to document and understand the biological chemistry of different classes of nitric oxide modulators that would prove to be a fruitful area in the years to come.

Sesamol prevents doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage and toxicity on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.

Objectives: Exposure to toxicants like doxorubicin (Dox) damages cellular components by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can be attenuated using free radical scavengers and/or antioxidants.

Methods: Dox-exposed cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) were treated with sesamol (12.

The cytological diagnosis of extra-oral plasmablastic lymphoma: a rare entity.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHLs) which are associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are heterogeneous. Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) was first recognized as an aggressive, invariably fatal subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma which occurred mostly in patients with AIDS, with distinct histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings, which affected the jaw and the oral mucosa exclusively. Subsequently, there have been case reports which have described extra-oral plasmablastic lymphomas in the lung, jejunum, caecum, nasal mucosa, etc.

Sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma with anaplastic ependymoma component in an infant.

Sacrococcygeal location of myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is uncommon. Local recurrence and metastases are on record inspite of its benign characteristics. We report a rare case of sacrococcygeal MPE in an 11-month-old female child who showed typical myxopapillary ependymal histology along with anaplastic ependymal component.

Studies on the arginase, 5'-nucleotidase and lysozyme activity by monocytes from visceral leishmaniasis patients.

Intracellular pathogenic protozoan infection like visceral leishmaniasis is considered in terms of the overall inflammatory response and the complex cellular interactions leading to formation of the activated macrophage. Analysis of the development of activation is facilitated when operationally defined stage of activation are characterized using a library of objective markers. There is a role of arginase in the immune response supporting its involvement in macrophage effector mechanism in vitro and in vivo.

Mechanical stimulation by ultrasound enhances chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a fibrin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

Chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage tissue formation derived from stem cells are highly dependent on both biological and mechanical factors. This study investigated whether or not fibrin-hyaluronic acid (HA) coupled with low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS), a mechanical stimulation, produces an additive or synergistic effect on the chondrogenesis of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow. For the purpose of comparison, rabbit MSCs were first cultured in fibrin-HA or alginate hydrogels, and then subjected to chondrogenic differentiation in chondrogenic-defined medium for 4 weeks in the presence of either transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) (10 ng/mL) or LIUS treatment (1.