Differential physiological and yield responses of selected mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) genotypes to various high-temperature stress regimes.

The increasing frequency of heat stress events due to climate change disrupts all stages of plant growth, significantly reducing yields, especially in crops like mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek).

Physiochemical, Bio, Thermal, and Non-Thermal Processing of Major and Minor Millets: A Comprehensive Review on Antinutritional and Antioxidant Properties.

Millets are recognized as future foods due to their abundant nutrition and resilience, increasing their value on the global stage. Millets possess a broad spectrum of nutrients, antinutrients, and antioxidants, making it imperative to understand the effects of various processing methods on these components. Antinutritional factors interfere with the digestibility of macro-nutrients and the bioavailability and bio accessibility of minerals.

An innovative natural speed breeding technique for accelerated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) generation turnover.

Background: The slow breeding cycle presents a significant challenge in legume research and breeding. While current speed breeding (SB) methods promise faster plant turnover, they encounter space limitations and high costs. Enclosed environments risk pest and disease outbreaks, and supplying water and electricity remains challenging in many developing nations.

Comparative analysis of IRE1s in plants: insights into heat stress adaptation in Triticum aestivum.

Background: The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway serves as a crucial mechanism enabling plants to perceive, respond to, and shield themselves from adverse environmental conditions. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is one of the key players of the UPR, and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within the cell. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 195 IRE1 genes across 90 diverse plant species, with a focus on their identification and characterization.

Optimal Plant Density Is Key for Maximizing Maize Yield in Calcareous Soil of the South Pannonian Basin.

Plant density, the number of plants per unit area, is an important factor in maize production. Plant density exhibits high variability and depends on a number of factors, i.e.

Application and Experimental Substantiation of the Radioecological Model for Prediction in Behavior Sr in Cultivated Soil-Crop System: A Case Study of Two Experimental Agricultural Fields.

The radioactive fission product Sr has a sufficient half-life (28.8 years) to be detected long after its appearance in the environment. After its uptake into the soil-edible plant system, it enters the food chain and represents a potential source of contamination that threatens human health.

Response of winter wheat genotypes to salinity stress under controlled environments.

This study was conducted in controlled environmental conditions to systematically evaluate multi-traits responses of winter wheat ( L.) genotypes to different salinity levels. Responses were assessed at the germination to early seedling stage (Experiment 1).

Harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and to combat salt stress in rice: a study on the regulation of antioxidant defense, ion homeostasis, and photosynthetic parameters.

Introduction: The ongoing global expansion of salt-affected land is a significant factor, limiting the growth and yield of crops, particularly rice ( L). This experiment explores the mitigation of salt-induced damage in rice (cv BRRI dhan100) following the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).

Methods: Rice seedlings, at five- and six-weeks post-transplanting, were subjected to salt stress treatments using 50 and 100 mM NaCl at seven-day intervals.

Selenium and its nanoparticles modulate the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and morpho-physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to combat oxidative stress under water deficit conditions.

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crop species worldwide, but its growth and development are adversely influenced by drought stress. However, the application of trace elements is known to improve plant physiology under water-limited conditions.

Machine learning ensembles, neural network, hybrid and sparse regression approaches for weather based rainfed cotton yield forecast.

Cotton is a major economic crop predominantly cultivated under rainfed situations. The accurate prediction of cotton yield invariably helps farmers, industries, and policy makers. The final cotton yield is mostly determined by the weather patterns that prevail during the crop growing phase.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Cultivar Interactions Determine Maize Yield and Grain Mineral Composition in Calcareous Soil under Semiarid Conditions.

Identifying the contributions of climate factors and fertilization to maize yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on maize production under semiarid conditions. This experiment was conducted with an overall objective to find how N fertilization and cultivar interactions along with climatic conditions determine the mineral composition and maize yield responses of four divergent maize cultivars grown under eight different fertilization levels. The results showed that element contents were significantly affected by year (Y), cultivar (C), N fertilization, and N × C interaction.

Metabolism of Tembotrione, a Triketone Herbicide, confers Differential Sensitivity in Winter Wheat ().

Tembotrione is a triketone herbicide widely used for broad-spectrum weed control in corn but not registered for use in wheat. A wide collection of spring, winter, and EMS-derived mutant lines of wheat was evaluated for their response to tembotrione treatment. Two winter wheat (WW) genotypes (WW-1 and WW-2) were found to be least sensitive to this herbicide, surviving >6 times the field recommended dose (92 g ai ha) compared to the most sensitive genotype (WW-24).

Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms.

Ozone (O) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport.

Systems biology of chromium-plant interaction: insights from omics approaches.

Plants are frequently subjected to heavy metal (HM) stress that impedes their growth and productivity. One of the most common harmful trace metals and HM discovered is chromium (Cr). Its contamination continues to increase in the environment due to industrial or anthropogenic activities.

Genome-wide SNP discovery and genotyping delineates potential QTLs underlying major yield-attributing traits in buckwheat.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an important nutritional and nutraceutical-rich pseudo-cereal crop. Despite its obvious potential as a functional food, buckwheat has not been fully harnessed due to its low yield, self-incompatibility, increased seed cracking, limited seed set, lodging, and frost susceptibility.

Nutritional and Chemical Quality of Maize Hybrids from Different FAO Maturity Groups Developed and Grown in Serbia.

Maize is a globally significant cereal crop, contributing to the production of essential food products and serving as a pivotal resource for diverse industrial applications. This study investigated the proximate analysis of maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups in Serbia, exploring variations in polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and fatty acids with the aim of understanding how agroecological conditions influence the nutritional potential of maize hybrids. The results indicate substantial variations in nutritional composition and antioxidant properties among different maturity groups.

Pilot-scale genome-wide association mapping in diverse sorghum germplasms identified novel genetic loci linked to major agronomic, root and stomatal traits.

This genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used a subset of 96 diverse sorghum accessions, constructed from a large collection of 219 accessions for mining novel genetic loci linked to major agronomic, root morphological and physiological traits. The subset yielded 43,452 high quality single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers exhibiting high allelic diversity. Population stratification showed distinct separation between caudatum and durra races.

Application of biochar and humic acid improves the physiological and biochemical processes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in conferring plant tolerance to arsenic-induced oxidative stress.

Biochar (BC) and humic acid (HA) are well-documented in metal/metalloid detoxification, but their regulatory role in conferring plant oxidative stress under arsenic (As) stress is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the role of BC and HA (0.2 and 0.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in plant: Master regulators for adapting to extreme temperature conditions.

Unusual daily temperature fluctuations caused by climate change and climate variability adversely impact agricultural crop production. Since plants are immobile and constantly receive external environmental signals, such as extreme high (heat) and low (cold) temperatures, they have developed complex molecular regulatory mechanisms to cope with stressful situations to sustain their natural growth and development. Among these mechanisms, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a significant role in enhancing heat and cold stress tolerance.

Investigating the influence of elevated temperature on nutritional and yield characteristics of mung bean ( L.) genotypes during seed filling in a controlled environment.

Rising temperatures impact different developmental stages of summer crops like mung bean, particularly during the crucial seed-filling stage. This study focused on two mung bean genotypes, categorized as heat-tolerant [HT] or heat-sensitive [HS]. These genotypes were grown in pots in an outdoor natural environment (average day/night temperature 36°C/24.

Combining Straw Mulch with Nitrogen Fertilizer Improves Soil and Plant Physio-Chemical Attributes, Physiology, and Yield of Maize in the Semi-Arid Region of China.

Mulching and nitrogen (N) fertilization are the main drivers for sustainable crop production. The sole use of nitrogen fertilizer threatened both the physiology and production of maize in rain-fed areas. Therefore, we proposed that wheat straw mulching with N fertilization would increase maize yield by improving soil fertility, physiology, and nitrogen use efficiency.

Understanding the effect of heat stress during seed filling on nutritional composition and seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Increasing temperature affects all food crops, thereby reducing their yield potential. Chickpea is a cool-season food legume vital for its nutritive value, but it is sensitive to high temperatures (> 32/20 °C maximum/minimum) during its reproductive and seed-filling stages. This study evaluated the effects of heat stress on yield and qualitative traits of chickpea seeds in a controlled environment.