Intestinal neutrophil extracellular traps promote gut barrier damage exacerbating endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Within the small intestine, neutrophils play an integral role in preventing bacterial infection. Upon interaction with bacteria or bacteria-derived antigens, neutrophils initiate a multi-staged response of which the terminal stage is NETosis, formation of protease-decorated nuclear DNA into extracellular traps. NETosis has a great propensity to elicit ocular damage and has been associated with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema (DME) progression.

Pattern of injury in polytrauma compared to single limb related Lisfranc joint fractures.

Background: Midfoot fractures in polytrauma patients are often an underappreciated injury relative to their other major injuries sustained. In this study, our aim was to explore the mechanisms and patterns of injury in polytrauma related midfoot fractures as compared to single limb injuries.

Setting: Multicentre observational study.

Hypertensive disorders in a gestational diabetes cohort from Cape Town, South Africa.

Introduction And Objective: As thresholds for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) become lower, and the prevalence of obesity in society rises, more pregnant women will be diagnosed with GDM and hypertension. Both conditions hold dangers for mother and baby. Our objective was to properly describe this association.

Central venous pressure as a method of optimising atrio-ventricular delay after cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Haemodynamic atrioventricular delay (AVD) optimisation has primarily focussed on signals that are not easy to acquire from a pacing system itself, such as invasive left ventricular catheterisation or arterial blood pressure (ABP). In this study, standard clinical central venous pressure (CVP) signals are tested as a potential alternative.

Methods: Sixteen patients with a temporary pacemaker after cardiac surgery were studied.

The Outcome of Ongoing Adult Endocrine Engagement Following Transition From Paediatric Care.

Objective: Transition is important for continuity of care for patients with chronic health conditions. The aim of this service evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of a transition clinic at a tertiary hospital with long-term attendance in the adult endocrine service.

Design: Retrospective case notes review of patients seen by paediatric endocrinology at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, at the time of transition to adult services, between 2012 and 2022.

East Asia and the Pacific Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Updated Epidemiological Assessment.

Background: This study updates the COVID-19 pandemic surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific we first conducted in 2020 with two additional years of data for the region.

Objective: First, we measure whether there was an expansion or contraction of the pandemic in East Asia and the Pacific region when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. Second, we use dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the dynamic history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history.

Safety and efficacy of valoctocogene roxaparvovec with prophylactic glucocorticoids: 1-year results from the phase 3b, single-arm, open-label GENEr8-3 study.

Background: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec, an adeno-associated virus vector that transfers a human factor VIII (FVIII) coding sequence to hepatocytes, provides bleeding protection for people with severe hemophilia A (HA).

Objective: Determine the efficacy and safety of valoctocogene roxaparvovec with concomitant prophylactic glucocorticoids in the open-label, single-arm, phase 3b GENEr8-3 trial.

Methods: Participants with severe HA who were using HA prophylaxis received one 6x10 vg/kg infusion of valoctocogene roxaparvovec concomitantly with daily prophylactic glucocorticoids (40 mg prednisolone equivalent/d weeks 0‒8; taper to 5 mg/d weeks 9‒19).

Battlefield Acupuncture Does Not Provide Additional Improvement in Pain When Combined With Standard Physical Therapy After Shoulder Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Shoulder stabilization surgery is common among military personnel, causing severe acute postoperative pain that may contribute to the development of chronic pain, thereby reducing military readiness. Battlefield Acupuncture (BFA) has shown promise as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for acute postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of BFA combined with standard physical therapy on pain, self-reported mood, self-reported improvement, and medication use in patients after shoulder stabilization surgery.

The effect of meloxicam at the time of treatment of hoof-horn lameness in pasture-grazing dairy cattle on time to lameness soundness, pregnancy risk and time to conception; a randomized control trial.

The aims of this study were to assess the effect of meloxicam at the time of lameness treatment for hoof-horn (HH) lesions in dairy cattle on 1) time to lameness soundness post trimming and block application and 2) reproductive success Five seasonal-calving pasture-based dairy farms located in the Waikato region of New Zealand were enrolled into a randomized clinical interventional trial. Farmers were tasked with identifying lame animals over a period of approximately -4 to 6 weeks relative to the herd start of mating (HSM), with lameness subsequently confirmed with lameness score (LS) by trained technicians (0-3 scale, where ≥2 are considered lame). Animals with a LS ≥2 were examined by a veterinarian who then enrolled animals if they presented lame with HH (white-line or sole) lesions.

Understanding Access to Care: Factors Influencing Patient Attendance at Craniofacial Speech Evaluations.

Evaluate predictors for attendance and adherence to speech evaluations and determine factors that influence longitudinal care for patients with cleft palate and craniofacial differences. Retrospective, observational cohort study. Tertiary children's hospital.

Access to Kidney Transplantation for Minority Children With End-Stage Renal Disease and Predictors of Post-Transplant Outcome: Impact of Race and Ethnicity.

Background: Racial disparities in access to kidney transplantation (KT) have been described among children with end-stage renal disease in the United States. It has been suggested that these disparities stem from a combination of clinical and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: We evaluated data from the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) of all pediatric (< 18 years old) KT recipients from 1999 to 2014 and compared outcomes by race or ethnicity: Hispanic, non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB).

The impact of surgical technique on the number of sentinel lymph nodes removed and its effect on complication rates.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a staging procedure used to guide treatment for patients with breast cancer. Multiple variations in the SLNB technique have been described. We questioned how technique impacts the number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) removed and associated complications.

Urban and Rural Differences in the Efficacy of a Mobile Health Depression Treatment for Young Adults.

Depression among young adults represents a growing health problem in the U.S., but access to effective treatment remains a challenge.

Validation of the REDS score in hospitalised patients who deteriorated and were admitted to the intensive care unit-a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hospitalised patients are at risk of deterioration and death. Delayed identification and transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) are known to be associated with increased mortality rates. The Risk-stratification of Emergency Department suspected Sepsis (REDS) score was derived and validated in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis.

Prognostic factors for overall survival in elderly patients with glioblastoma: Analysis of the pooled NOA-08 and Nordic trials with the CCTG-EORTC (CE.6) trial.

Background: The majority of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma are >60 years. Three randomized trials addressed the roles of radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for elderly patients. NORDIC and NOA-08 compared RT versus TMZ, while CE.

Immunologic investigations into transgene directed immune-mediated myositis following delandistrogene moxeparvovec gene therapy.

Delandistrogene moxeparvovec is an rAAVrh74 vector-based gene transfer therapy that delivers a transgene encoding delandistrogene moxeparvovec micro-dystrophin, an engineered, functional form of dystrophin shown to stabilize or slow disease progression in DMD. It is approved in the US and in other select countries. Two serious adverse event cases of immune-mediated myositis (IMM) were reported in the phase Ib ENDEAVOR trial (NCT04626674).

Double-Butter: A Cementation Technique That Significantly Reduces Lipid Contamination of the Tibial Baseplate in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Aseptic loosening is the most common aseptic failure modality following total knee arthroplasty. Recent literature suggests that the implant-cement interface is the "weak-link" in fixation and lipid contamination may drive this debonding pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the "double-butter" technique would significantly decrease lipid contamination of the tibial tray.

Efficacy, safety, and quality of life 4 years after valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene transfer for severe hemophilia A in the phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial.

Background: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec, an adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for severe hemophilia A, enables endogenous factor (F)VIII expression and provides bleed protection.

Objectives: Determine valoctocogene roxaparvovec durability, efficacy, and safety 4 years after treatment.

Methods: In the phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial, 134 adult male persons with severe hemophilia A without inhibitors and previously using FVIII prophylaxis received a 6 × 10 vg/kg infusion of valoctocogene roxaparvovec.

Qualitative Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life Impacts Associated with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States and United Kingdom.

Introduction: Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) commonly report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, impacts of SCD on HRQoL and the unmet needs of SCD treatment/management are under-researched. This study characterized the impact of SCD on HRQoL and identified the unmet needs of individuals with SCD.

Sexual wellness clinic collaborative initiative with a large urban emergency department: sexual health outcomes and linkage to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Introduction: Despite escalating rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States (US), there has been progressive divestment of sexual health services leading to the reliance on emergency departments (EDs) for sexual healthcare, particularly among vulnerable populations. The Sexual Wellness Clinic (SWC), a novel care delivery model operating in collaboration with the ED, offers comprehensive sexual health services.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the demographics, STI positivity, and HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among patients accessing the SWC.

A robust benchmark for detecting low-frequency variants in the HG002 Genome In A Bottle NIST reference material.

Somatic mosaicism is an important cause of disease, but mosaic and somatic variants are often challenging to detect because they exist in only a fraction of cells. To address the need for benchmarking subclonal variants in normal cell populations, we developed a benchmark containing mosaic variants in the Genome in a Bottle Consortium (GIAB) HG002 reference material DNA from a large batch of a normal lymphoblastoid cell line. First, we used a somatic variant caller with high coverage (300x) Illumina whole genome sequencing data from the Ashkenazi Jewish trio to detect variants in HG002 not detected in at least 5% of cells from the combined parental data.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Phenyl Indole Analogues of OXi8006 as Colchicine Site Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization and Vascular Disrupting Agents.

Inhibitors of tubulin polymerization represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumors. Molecules that bind to the colchicine site are of interest as they can function with a dual mechanism of action as both potent antiproliferative agents and tumor-selective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). One such example is a 2-aryl-3-aroyl-indole molecule (OXi8006) from our laboratory that demonstrates potent inhibition of tubulin polymerization and strong antiproliferative activity (cytotoxicity) against a variety of human cancer cell lines.

Preclinical and Clinical-Scale Magnetic Particle Imaging of Natural Killer Cells: in vitro and ex vivo Demonstration of Cellular Sensitivity, Resolution, and Quantification.

Purpose: Clinical adoption of NK cell immunotherapy is underway for medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma, however there is currently little feedback on cell fate after administration. We propose magnetic particle imaging (MPI) may have applications for the quantitative detection of NK cells.

Procedures: Human-derived NK-92 cells were labeled by co-incubation with iron oxide nanoparticles (VivoTrax™) for 24 h then excess nanoparticles were washed with centrifugation.

Improvement in Newly Defined Continuous Glucose Monitor Metrics, Extended Hypoglycemia, and Extended Hyperglycemia With Automated Insulin Delivery Initiation in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Extended hypoglycemia (Ehypo) and extended hyperglycemia (Ehyper) are recently defined continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics by the International Consensus for clinical trials as secondary endpoints for continuous outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the changes in Ehypo and Ehyper before and after automated insulin delivery (AID) initiation in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study that evaluated Ehypo and Ehyper in addition to other CGM metrics in 154 adults that initiated an AID system.