Geographic Distribution and Phylogeny of Soricine Shrew-Borne Seewis Virus and Altai Virus in Russia.

The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family ) in multiple species of shrews, moles and bats has revealed a complex evolutionary history involving cross-species transmission. Seewis virus (SWSV) is widely distributed throughout the geographic ranges of its soricid hosts, including the Eurasian common shrew (), tundra shrew () and Siberian large-toothed shrew (), suggesting host sharing. In addition, genetic variants of SWSV, previously named Artybash virus (ARTV) and Amga virus, have been detected in the Laxmann's shrew ().

Geographical distribution and hosts of the cestode Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783) Lühe, 1910 in Russia and adjacent territories.

Paranoplocephala omphalodes is a widespread parasite of voles. Low morphological variability within the genus Paranoplocephala has led to erroneous identification of P. omphalodes a wide range of definitive hosts.

Tramadol efficacy in patients with postoperative pain in relation to CYP2D6 and MDR1 polymorphisms.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate impact of CYP2D6 and MDR1 polymorphisms on the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in patients after a knee arthroscopy.

Background: Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolites is stereoselective and displays high interindividual variability correlating with polymorphic CYP2D6 in the population. Available data provide controversial results regarding the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in subjects with different CYP2D6 genotypes.