Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2- BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype.

Cellulases Production by Aspergillus unguis in Solid State Fermentation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dilute Acid-Treated Groundnut Fodder.

Groundnut fodder was utilized as a bioresource for the production of cellulases through solid state fermentation (SSF). Aspergillus unguis was initially grown on modified groundnut fodder for cellulase production and the fodder was hydrolyzed by the crude cellulase extract into fermentable hydrolyzate. The highest titer of Filter paperase (FPase), Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, and protein content were found to be 11.

Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation for Controlling Pain after the Archwire Placement.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for controlling pain after the archwire placement and then comparison between the placebo, extra-oral, and intra-oral group depending upon the electrode placement.

Materials And Methods: The study consists of a sample size of 90 patients who were further divided into three groups. Each group had 30 samples each, and the groups were divided into placebo group, extra-oral TENS group, and intra-oral TENS group.

Eating behavior patterns, metabolic parameters and circulating oxytocin levels in patients with obesity: an exploratory study.

Purpose: Obesity is a complex heterogeneous disease often associated with dysfunctional eating behavior patterns. Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohormone involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and eating behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a population of patients with obesity circulating levels of OT and dysfunctional eating behaviors in relation to anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters.

IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are de novo ectopic lymphoid aggregates that regulate immunity in chronically inflamed tissues, including tumours. Although TLSs form due to inflammation-triggered activation of the lymphotoxin (LT)-LTβ receptor (LTβR) pathway, the inflammatory signals and cells that induce TLSs remain incompletely identified. Here we show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), the alarmin released by inflamed tissues, induces TLSs.

Mid-term Outcomes of Patella Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Clinical, Functional, and Radiographic Insights.

Aim The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the mid-term implant survivability, rate of revisions, and clinical and functional outcomes following patella resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing posterior stabilized (PS) total knee system (TKS). Methods A prospective, single-arm, multi-center, post-marketing surveillance encompassed patients with end-stage primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) or inflammatory arthritis. The time points of the study included baseline, six weeks, six months, one year, and three years post-operatively.

Risk Factors for Acute Pancreatitis Following Intragastric Balloon Insertion: A 7-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare but serious complication of intragastric balloon (IGB) therapy. Despite the popularity of IGBs for weight loss, the incidence and risk factors of AP post-IGB insertion are not well understood. This study aimed to identify potential predictors and risk factors of AP in IGB patients.

Machine learning-based estimation of crude oil-nitrogen interfacial tension.

Accurate estimation of interfacial tension (IFT) between nitrogen and crude oil during nitrogen-based gas injection into oil reservoirs is imperative. The previous research works dealing with prediction of IFT of oil and nitrogen systems consider synthetic oil samples such n-alkanes. In this work, we aim to utilize eight machine learning methods of Decision Tree (DT), AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Ensemble Learning (EL), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) to construct data-driven intelligent models to predict crude oil - nitrogen IFT based upon experimental data of real crude oils samples encountered in underground oil reservoirs.

Measurement of natural radionuclides and health risk assessment in soil samples of the Main Central Thrust region in Garhwal Himalaya, India.

Ionizing radiation emitted from radionuclides is present everywhere in the environment. It is the main source of health hazards to the general public. The present study elaborates on the analysis of primordial radionuclides in the collected soil samples from the Main Central Thrust (MCT) region of Uttarakhand Himalaya in a grid pattern.

Genomic profiling and molecular dynamics analysis of toxin-antitoxin homologs targeting DNA gyrase in : insights from computational investigations.

In the realm of hospital-acquired and chronic infections, stands out, demonstrating significant associations with increased morbidity, mortality, and antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant strains are believed to contribute to thousands of deaths each year. Chronic and latent infections are associated with the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood.

Deep denoising approach to improve shear wave phase velocity map reconstruction in ultrasound elastography.

Background: Measurement noise often leads to inaccurate shear wave phase velocity estimation in ultrasound shear wave elastography. Filtering techniques are commonly used for denoising the shear wavefields. However, these filters are often not sufficient, especially in fatty tissues where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be very low.

Investigating CuO-ZrO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sensing of Food Colors.

A fast and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor (ECS) is crucially desirable for observing synthetic dyes in foodstuffs, as excessive consumption of these colorants can pose risks to human health, including toxicity and pathogenicity. This research introduces the creation of an ECS comprising a CuO-ZrO nanocomposite for detecting Sunset Yellow (SY) dye in beverage and food items. The synthesized CuO-ZrO material underwent thorough characterization using various physicochemical and electroanalytical methods.

Human placental stem cell-based therapies for prevention of abdominal adhesions: A prospective randomized preclinical trial.

Background: Abdominal adhesions are networks of fibrotic tissues that form between organs postoperatively. Current prophylactic strategies do not reproducibly prevent adhesive small bowel obstruction across the entire abdomen. Human placental-derived stem cells produce an anti-inflammatory secretome that has been applied to multiple fibrosing diseases.

Evaluating the necessity of colonoscopy in patients under 40 with rectal bleeding: insights from a large-scale retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Bleeding per rectum (BPR) is a common clinical presentation, and colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluating patients aged ≥ 45 years. However, its role in younger patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the appropriateness of colonoscopy in patients < 40 years of age who presented with BPR.

Implementing and evaluating shared decision-making before transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a dedicated pathway and questionnaire.

Aims: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with aortic valve stenosis. The choice between TAVI, surgery, or a conservative approach should be based upon multiple factors including clinical considerations, technical feasibility, and informed patient preference. In this context, engaging patients in a shared decision-making (SDM) process becomes essential, but this practice is generally underused.

Our Experiences and Learnings in Diagnosing MODY from Non-Institutional-Based Diabetes Care Clinics.

Introduction: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare group of disorders characterised by impaired functions or development of pancreatic islets and monogenic diabetes at a young age. Diagnosing MODY can be rewarding for both clinicians and patients as it can change the management from generic to targeted therapy.

Methods: This study reports the retrospective analysis of data collected from four clinics between March 2016 and February 2023 from Lucknow, a city in northern India.

Comparative efficacy of leniolisib (CDZ173) versus standard of care on rates of respiratory tract infection and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels among individuals with activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) syndrome (APDS): an externally controlled study.

Leniolisib, an oral, targeted phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor, was well-tolerated and efficacious versus placebo in treating individuals with activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), an ultra-rare inborn error of immunity (IEI), in a 12-week randomised controlled trial. However, longer-term comparative data versus standard of care are lacking. This externally controlled study compared the long-term effects of leniolisib on annual rate of respiratory tract infections and change in serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels versus current standard of care, using data from the leniolisib single-arm open-label extension study 2201E1 (NCT02859727) and the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry.

High-Statistics Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron Spectrum with H.E.S.S.

Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such as annihilation of dark matter particles. We present a high-statistics measurement of the spectrum of CRe candidate events from 0.3 to 40 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, covering 2 orders of magnitude in energy and reaching a proton rejection power of better than 10^{4}.

Identification of AChE targeted therapeutic compounds for Alzheimer's disease: an in-silico study with DFT integration.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive deterioration and changes in behavior. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes acetylcholine, is a key drug target for treating AD. This research aimed to identify new AChE inhibitors using the IMPPAT database.

Leveraging Deep Learning of Chest Radiograph Images to Identify Individuals at High Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: This study assessed whether deep learning applied to routine outpatient chest X-rays (CXRs) can identify individuals at high risk for incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Using cancer screening trial data, we previously developed a convolutional neural network (CXR-Lung-Risk) to predict lung-related mortality from a CXR image. In this study, we externally validated CXR-Lung-Risk to predict incident COPD from routine CXRs.

Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious diabetes-related complication leading to kidney damage. (CT), traditionally used in managing diabetes and kidney disorders, has shown potential in treating DN, although its active compounds and mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to identify CT's bioactive compounds and explore their therapeutic mechanisms in DN.