Classification of non-TCGA cancer samples to TCGA molecular subtypes using compact feature sets.

Molecular subtypes, such as defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), delineate a cancer's underlying biology, bringing hope to inform a patient's prognosis and treatment plan. However, most approaches used in the discovery of subtypes are not suitable for assigning subtype labels to new cancer specimens from other studies or clinical trials. Here, we address this barrier by applying five different machine learning approaches to multi-omic data from 8,791 TCGA tumor samples comprising 106 subtypes from 26 different cancer cohorts to build models based upon small numbers of features that can classify new samples into previously defined TCGA molecular subtypes-a step toward molecular subtype application in the clinic.

Quantitative Coronary Angiography Guidance for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Narrative Review.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents is an established strategy for the treatment of significant obstructive coronary artery disease. Evidence supports that intravascular imaging-guided PCI offers advantages over conventional angiography-guided PCI, though its use is limited, likely due to high costs. Angiography-guided PCI relies on visual estimation, leading to inter- and intra-observer variability and suboptimal outcomes.

Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening.

Background: Genomic sequencing technology allows for identification of reproductive couples with an increased chance, as compared with that in the general population, of having a child with an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic condition.

Methods: We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program in Australia as part of the Mackenzie's Mission project. Health care providers offered screening to persons before pregnancy or early in pregnancy.

Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis and Development of a Prediction Model.

Background:  About 7% of patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) develop a recurrence during anticoagulant treatment. Identification of high-risk patients may help guide treatment decisions.

Aim:  To identify clinical predictors and develop a prediction model for on-treatment recurrent CAT.

North American considerations, strategies, and practices in reducing the sodium content in processed foods.

Most Americans exceed the recommended limit for sodium in their diet, a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Efforts have been made by the food industry and government agencies to reduce the sodium content in foods and encourage the consumption of lower sodium diets. Such efforts, however, are not successful in improving public health when consumers do not accept and consume lower sodium foods.

MRI Predicts Residual Disease and Outcomes in Watch-and-Wait Patients with Rectal Cancer.

Background MRI plays a crucial role in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT); however, prospective studies have not evaluated its ability to accurately select patients for nonoperative management. Purpose To evaluate the ability of restaging MRI to predict oncologic outcomes and identify imaging features associated with residual disease (RD) after TNT. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma (OPRA) trial, which randomized participants from April 2014 to March 2020 with stages II or III rectal adenocarcinoma to undergo either induction or consolidation TNT.

Invasive Treatment Strategy for Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Whether a conservative strategy of medical therapy alone or a strategy of medical therapy plus invasive treatment is more beneficial in older adults with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial involving patients 75 years of age or older with NSTEMI at 48 sites in the United Kingdom. The patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a conservative strategy of the best available medical therapy or an invasive strategy of coronary angiography and revascularization plus the best available medical therapy.

Enhancement noise margin and delay time performance of novel punch-through nMOS for single-carrier CMOS.

In this paper, we propose the use of punch-through nMOS (PTnMOS) as an alternative to pMOS in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. According to the TCAD simulation results, PTnMOS exhibit sub-threshold characteristics similar to those of pMOS and can be formed by simply changing the doping concentration of the source and drain. Without the need for sizing, which solves the area occupation problem caused by the need to increase the width of pMOS due to insufficient hole mobility.

Probabilistic Presurgical Language fMRI Atlas of Patients with Brain Tumors.

Background And Purpose: Patients with brain tumors have high intersubject variation in putative language regions, which may limit the utility of straightforward application of healthy subject brain atlases in clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to develop a probabilistic functional brain atlas that consolidates language functional activations of sentence completion and Silent Word Generation language paradigms using a large sample of patients with brain tumors.

Materials And Methods: The atlas was developed using retrospectively collected fMRI data from patients with brain tumors who underwent their first standard-of-care presurgical language fMRI scan at our institution between July 18, 2015, and May 13, 2022.

Single-cell genomics and regulatory networks for 388 human brains.

Single-cell genomics is a powerful tool for studying heterogeneous tissues such as the brain. Yet little is understood about how genetic variants influence cell-level gene expression. Addressing this, we uniformly processed single-nuclei, multiomics datasets into a resource comprising >2.

Biphasic Scaffold Loaded With Autologous Cartilage Yields Better Clinical Outcome and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Filling Compared With Marrow Stimulation for Focal Osteochondral Lesions in the Knee.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of marrow stimulation (MS) versus biphasic scaffold loaded with autologous cartilage (scaffold) in treating focal osteochondral lesions of the knee.

Methods: In total, 54 patients with symptomatic focal chondral or osteochondral lesion in the knee were randomized to either the scaffold group or the MS group. International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, the Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years after operation to compare treatment outcomes.

Engineering allorejection-resistant CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy.

The clinical potential of current FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy is encumbered by its autologous nature, which presents notable challenges related to manufacturing complexities, heightened costs, and limitations in patient selection. Therefore, there is a growing demand for off-the-shelf universal cell therapies. In this study, we have generated universal CAR-engineered NKT (CAR-NKT) cells by integrating iNKT TCR engineering and HLA gene editing on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), along with an ex vivo, feeder-free HSC differentiation culture.

Identification of Antibodies to DQβ:DRα Interisotypic Heterodimers in Human Sera.

Background: HLA class II antigens, DR, DQ, and DP, comprised an α and β chains, which typically combine, within the same isotype, to form the major histocompatibility complex:peptide complex. Interisotypic pairing is not commonly observed. Although reports of DQβ:DRα heterodimers exist, the pairing was reported to be unstable and, therefore, not studied to any extent.

Automated deep learning model for estimating intraoperative blood loss using gauze images.

The intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), an essential parameter for perioperative management, has been evaluated by manually weighing blood in gauze and suction bottles, a process both time-consuming and labor-intensive. As the novel EBL prediction platform, we developed an automated deep learning EBL prediction model, utilizing the patch-wise crumpled state (P-W CS) of gauze images with texture analysis. The proposed algorithm was developed using animal data obtained from a porcine experiment and validated on human intraoperative data prospectively collected from 102 laparoscopic gastric cancer surgeries.

Immunomodulatory effects and improved outcomes with cisplatin- versus carboplatin-based chemotherapy plus atezolizumab in urothelial cancer.

In metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), cisplatin versus carboplatin leads to durable disease control in a subset of patients. The IMvigor130 trial reveals more favorable effects with atezolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GemCis) versus gemcitabine and carboplatin (GemCarbo). This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of cisplatin as a potential explanation for these observations.

HLA class I peptide polymorphisms contribute to class II DQβ0603:DQα0103 antibody specificity.

Antibodies reactive to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) represent a barrier for patients awaiting transplantation. Based on reactivity patterns in single-antigen bead (SAB) assays, various epitope matching algorithms have been proposed to improve transplant outcomes. However, some antibody reactivities cannot be explained by amino acid motifs, leading to uncertainty about their clinical relevance.

SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 genotypes, androgen deprivation therapy, and prostate cancer outcomes: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.

Solute carrier organic anion (SLCO) transporters (OATP transporters) are involved in cellular uptake of drugs and hormones. Germline variants in SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 have been implicated in prostate cancer progression and therapy response, including to androgen deprivation and statin medications, but results have appeared heterogeneous. We conducted a cohort study of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 with prior evidence among 3208 men with prostate cancer who participated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study or the Physicians' Health Study, following participants prospectively after diagnosis over 32 years (median, 14 years) for development of metastases and cancer-specific death (lethal disease, 382 events).