Multimodal Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Microbial InDels as Superior Biomarkers for Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome is closely associated with pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), while the multidimensional microbial signature and their capabilities for distinguishing pediatric CD are underexplored. This study aims to characterize the microbial alterations in pediatric CD and develop a robust classification model.

Methods: A total of 1,175 fecal metagenomic sequencing samples, predominantly from three cohorts of pediatric CD patients, were re-analyzed from raw sequencing data using uniform process pipelines to obtain multidimensional microbial alterations in pediatric CD, including taxonomic profiles, functional profiles, and multi-type genetic variants.

Ultrasound-Assisted H Transmitter Enables Hydrogen-Gene Therapy to Prevent Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) frequently occurs after surgery, resulting in extended hospitalizations, higher healthcare expenses, and potential long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its significant impact, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for POCD are still lacking. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of POCD.

Origin and de novo domestication of sweet orange.

Sweet orange is cultivated worldwide but suffers from various devastating diseases because of its monogenetic background. The elucidation of the origin of a crop facilitates the domestication of new crops that may better cope with new challenges. Here we collected and sequenced 226 citrus accessions and assembled telomere-to-telomere phased diploid genomes of sweet orange and sour orange.

Realizing a Robust High-Performance Ni-GDC Nanocomposite Anode for SOFCs by Self-Assembly of Reactive Cosputtered Nanolayers.

This study reports a fast and scalable route for fabricating efficient and durable SOFCs, leveraging nickel oxide-gadolinium-doped ceria (NiO-GDC) nanocomposites and thin-film electrolytes based on reactive sputtering. The Ni and GdCe targets are first cosputtered to form films with a stack-layered structure of metallic Ni and GDC, followed by sputtering YZr and GdCe targets alternatively to make multilayer electrolytes. By annealing the sputtered anode-electrolyte assembly with the LaSrCoFeO cathode in a single step at 1000 °C, full cells feature heterostructure ceramic multilayers; NiO-GDC nanocomposites with heterointerfaces are constructed, while the multilayer electrolytes are fully dense.

Molecular dynamics simulation of synergistic behavior at the air-water interface: mixed cationic-anionic fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon surfactants.

Ecological concerns surrounding conventional aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents, predominantly composed of long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants, have spurred the need for innovation in eco-compatible substitutes, such as short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants. Molecular dynamics simulations are a valuable tool for studying the behavior of mixed surfactant systems at the air-water interface. We have conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interfacial behavior of a mixed cationic-anionic surfactant system, including -[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]perfluorobutanesulfonamide hydrochloride (PFB-MC) and 1-octanesulfonic acid (1-OA).

Exploring the Plasma Proteome: Identifying Hub Proteins linking Aging, Homeostasis, and Organ Function.

As effectors of interactions between genes and the environment, plasma proteins can monitor homeostasis and reflect the aging state of an organism. However, biomarkers of aging that are associated with homeostasis are still unclear. This study investigates the phenotype-related plasma proteome profiles of healthy individuals and to identify proteins that are specifically related to aging and physiological indices and their expression patterns across the lifespan.

Predicting 30-day mortality in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: clinical features, biochemical parameters, and machine learning insights.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients to predict 30-day mortality. Parameters analyzed include lymphocyte count (L), platelet count (PLT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Machine learning (ML) approaches, including LASSO, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), were employed alongside meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to validate the prognostic potential of these indicators.

Sight into a Rare-Earth-Based Catalyst with Spatial Confinement Effect from the Perspective of Electronic Structure.

Rare-earth elements include 15 kinds of lanthanides as well as Sc and Y elements. Interestingly, the special electronic configuration of a lanthanide rare earth is [Xe]4f5d6s ( = 0-14), which results in rare-earth materials' unique activity in such areas as thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, etc. It is worth noting that a class of materials with spatial confinement effects are playing an increasingly important role in the catalytic performance; especially, the construction of hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) can further enhance the activity of rare-earth catalytic materials.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Armed with DNA Nanorobots as a Modality for Combination Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Therapeutic strategies that can target multilevel immunoregulatory pathways in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and efficiently target the site of inflammation are expected to greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have developed a DNA nanorobot-armed bidirectional resistant mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) for IBD treatment, which blocks lymphocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation by bidirectional inhibition of integrin-ligand inter-recognition via resistant aptamer-hands. And this strategy can induce MSC homing for immunomodulation and tissue repair.

Description of three new Leptotrichia species isolated from dental biofilm: Leptotrichia rugosa sp. nov., Leptotrichia mesophila sp. nov. and Leptotrichia alba sp. nov.

Three bacterial strains, namely HSP-334, HSP-342 and HSP-536, were isolated from human oral dental biofilm. These strains were identified as Gram-stain-negative, straight or slightly curved anaerobes. Based on 16S rRNA genes analysis, strain HSP-334 exhibited the closest identity to Leptotrichia shahii LB37 (92.

Regulating Interfacial Wettability for Fast Mass Transfer in Rechargeable Metal-Based Batteries.

The interfacial wettability between electrodes and electrolytes could ensure sufficient physical contact and fast mass transfer at the gas-solid-liquid, solid-liquid, and solid-solid interfaces, which could improve the reaction kinetics and cycle stability of rechargeable metal-based batteries (RMBs). Herein, interfacial wettability engineering at multiphase interfaces is summarized from the electrolyte and electrode aspects to promote the interface reaction rate and durability of RMBs, which illustrates the revolution that is taking place in this field and thus provides inspiration for future developments in RMBs. Specifically, this review presents the principle of interfacial wettability at macro- and microscale and summarizes emerging applications concerning the interfacial wettability effect on mass transfer in RMBs.

A Trimming-π Strategy for Constructing Functional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Metalloporphyrazine Units.

Developing functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high electrical conductivity is crucial for their applications as advanced electronic materials. In this work, we for the first time construct a new family of functional and highly conductive MOFs using metalloporphyrazine (MPz) ligands based on a trimming-π concept via cutting the benzene ring from molecular metallopthalocynine (MPc). The deprotonation-after-coordination synthetic method affords crystalline MPz-Cu-NH MOFs with square lattices.

[Preparation of collagen-polysaccharide composite hydrogels and research progress in biomedical applications].

Collagen contains abundant cell binding motifs, which are conducive to adhesion, migration, and differentiation, maintain cell vitality and promote cell proliferation. However, pure collagen hydrogel has some shortcomings such as poor mechanical properties, poor thermal stability and fast degradation. Numerous studies have shown that the properties of collagen can be improved by combining it with natural polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and cellulose.

Identification of GDP as a small inhibitory molecule in HepG2 cells by non‑targeted metabolomics analysis.

Identifying the mechanism by which lipid metabolism regulates cancer may offer a novel approach for therapeutic intervention. It has previously been identified that a lipid metabolism-related factor, namely fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2 (FAXDC2), is downregulated in various types of cancer, and inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells through a mechanism associated with ERK. The liver is important for lipid metabolism, and FAXDC2 is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and sphingomyelin.

Long non-coding RNA PRKG1-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma.

In previous studies, we have discovered a significant correlation between cGMP-dependent protein kinase I antisense RNA 1 (PRKG1-AS1) and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and expression data from non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cells, we found that PRKG1-AS1 is overexpressed in LUAD tissues. High expression of PRKG1-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients.

N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine protects rat lungs and RLE‑6TN cells from cigarette smoke‑induced oxidative stress.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a key contributor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its role in the pathogenesis of COPD has not been fully elucidated. N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine (NAC), as an antioxidant, has been used in the treatment of COPD; however, the mechanisms of action of NAC are not fully understood. Alveolar epithelial type 2 (ATII) cells serve an essential role in the maintenance of alveolar integrity.

Production of Immobilized Arginine Deiminase Using the Self-Assembling Peptide ELK16 for Efficient l-Citrulline Synthesis.

Self-assembling peptide (SAP) tags induce protein self-assembly, forming insoluble protein aggregates. Traditional l-citrulline production using arginine deiminase (ADI) is limited by enzyme instability and low reusability. SAP tags were fused with ADI to overcome these challenges, and ADI-ELK16 demonstrated optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 6.

Maximizing the Accessibility of Acid Sites Within Zeolite Catalysts for Syngas Conversion.

Mass transport within zeolites is pivotal in determining the accessibility of active sites to reactants and hence the catalytic performance. However, there lacks of quantitative guidance for synthesis of desired zeolites with reduced diffusion limitation. Herein, we take mordenite (MOR) zeolite as a model, which is characterized by 12-membered rings (MR) channels as transport path towards the active sites within the 8MR side pockets for syngas conversion to light olefins.

Engineered Nanovesicles for the Precise and Noninvasive Treatment of Deep Osteomyelitis Caused by MRSA Infection with Enhanced Immune Response.

The clinical treatment of hospital-acquired persistent osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) presents two major challenges: ineffective drug delivery into deep tissues and counteracting the rapid establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Indeed, MRSA can evade immunosurveillance and undermine both innate and adaptive immune responses. Herein, the engineered nanovesicles, functioning by combining sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with immune modulation, were constructed for the precise and noninvasive removal of MRSA in deep tissue and activation of the antimicrobial immune response using a newly engineered nanovesicle.

Long-Term and Real-Time Post-External Radiotherapy Assessment Based on an In Situ Activatable Radiolabeled Platform.

Long-term monitoring in postoperative assessment is essential for clinicians to assess the effectiveness of therapies and establish subsequent clinical pharmacotherapeutic plans. However, precise and real-time postoperative assessment is often overlooked, relying instead on various clinical histopathological and cytological assays or the experience of physicians. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a general strategy for long-term, real-time, and accurate postoperative assessment.

Radiogenomics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma predicts immunochemotherapy response and identifies therapeutic target.

Background & Aims: Identifying patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) likely to benefit from immunochemotherapy, the new front-line treatment, remains challenging. We aimed to unveil a novel radiotranscriptomic signature that can facilitate treatment response prediction by multi-omics integration and multi-scale modelling.

Methods: We analyzed bulk, single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data comprising 457 ICC patients to identify an immune-related score (IRS), followed by decoding its spatial immune context.

Fundamentals and Perspectives of Positively Charged Single-Metal Site Catalysts for CO Electroreduction.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) show superior efficiency in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, a key stage in achieving carbon neutrality. Atomically dispersed single-metal sites of SACs are invariably in a positive valence state; namely, they are positively charged single-metal sites (PCSSs). The PCSS catalysts generally possess a distinctive and asymmetric electronic structure, which enables the activation of linear carbon dioxide molecules and stabilizes miscellaneous intermediates during electrocatalysis.

Single-Electron Catalysis of Reversible Cycloadditions under Nanoconfinement.

Electron transfer (ET) is crucial in many chemical reactions, but its mechanism and role are hardly understood in nanobiotechnology due to the complexity of reaction species and pathways involved. By modulating and monitoring electron behavior at the single-molecule level, we can better understand the fundamental mechanisms and ways to control them for technological use. Here, we unravel a mechanism of single-electron catalysis under positively charged nanoconfinement.

Protocatechuic Acid Suppresses Lipid Uptake and Synthesis through the PPARγ Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most concerning health problems in the world. Dietary intervention is an effective way to prevent and improve NAFLD. As one of the main metabolites of anthocyanins, protocatechuic acid (PCA) exhibited strong activity to improve NAFLD, but the specific mechanism remains unclear.

Exploring Oxonitridosilicate Synthesis: From Oxide Zeolites to Nitride Frameworks.

In this study, we synthesized the first CAN (crinite)-typed zeolite-like oxonitridosilicates, CaO(SiNO)[SiN] ( = La and Ce). The crystal structure of LaCaO(SiNO)[SiN] was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) data and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data refinement. The compound crystallizes in hexagonal space group 6 (No.