Identification and quantification of flavor compounds in smoked tuna fish based on GC-Orbitrap volatolomics approach.

Cold smoking enhances the appeal of fish products, offering consumers a smooth texture and a delicate smoky flavor. This study aims to explore variations in the volatile profile from different exposure times during cold smoking processing (light, moderate, and full-cure) in tune samples. An innovative untargeted analytical approach, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography and a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analyzer, was employed to identify 86 volatiles associated with the cold smoking process.

Climate change leads to higher NPP at the end of the century in the Antarctic Tundra: Response patterns through the lens of lichens.

Poikilohydric autotrophs are the main colonizers of the permanent ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra biome. Global climate warming and the small human footprint in this ecosystem make it especially vulnerable to abrupt changes. Elucidating the effects of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem is challenging because it mainly comprises poikilohydric species, which are greatly influenced by microtopographic factors.

MLVA-16 Genotyping of and Isolates from Different Animal Species in Egypt: Geographical Relatedness and the Mediterranean Lineage.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in Egypt. However, there are limited data available on the genetic diversity of brucellae circulating in Egypt and other Mediterranean areas. One hundred and nine (.

Assessing the conservation values and tourism threats in Barrientos Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

Antarctica has been witnessing continued growth of tourism, both in the overall visitation and in the diversity of itineraries and visitor activities. Expanding tourism presents unique business and educational opportunities, but it is also putting immense pressure on Antarctica's natural, and for the most parts, pristine environment. Understanding the effectiveness of different tourism management strategies and instruments, like the Visitor Site Guidelines adopted by the Antarctic Treaty, is fundamental to the sustainable management of Antarctic tourism.

The role of analytical chemistry in exposure science: Focus on the aquatic environment.

Exposure science, in its broadest sense, studies the interactions between stressors (chemical, biological, and physical agents) and receptors (e.g. humans and other living organisms, and non-living items like buildings), together with the associated pathways and processes potentially leading to negative effects on human health and the environment.

Gemcitabine plus sirolimus for relapsed and progressing osteosarcoma patients after standard chemotherapy: a multicenter, single-arm phase II trial of Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma (GEIS).

Background: Patients with relapsed unresectable osteosarcoma represents an unmet need, so active and safe systemic treatments are required. Fas cell surface death receptor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways are implicated in progressing osteosarcoma, and we had preclinical and clinical experience with a scheme that targets both pathways. Therefore, we designed a phase II trial with gemcitabine plus rapamycin, to determine the efficacy and safety, in this subset of patients.

Neoflavonoids as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Replication by Targeting the Tat and NF-κB Pathways.

Twenty-eight neoflavonoids have been prepared and evaluated in vitro against HIV-1. Antiviral activity was assessed on MT-2 cells infected with viral clones carrying the luciferase reporter gene. Inhibition of HIV transcription and Tat function were tested on cells stably transfected with the HIV-LTR and Tat protein.

Rhodium Complexes Promoting C-O Bond Formation in Reactions with Oxygen: The Role of Superoxo Species.

C-O bond formation in reactions of olefins with oxygen is a long standing challenge in chemistry for which the very complicated-sometimes controversial-mechanistic panorama slows down the design of catalysts for oxygenations. In this regard, the mechanistic details of the oxidation of the complex [Rh(cod)(Ph N )] (1) (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with oxygen to the unique 2-rhodaoxetane compound [{Rh(OC H )(Ph N )} ] (2) has been investigated by DFT calculations. The results of this study provide evidences for a novel bimetallic mechanism in which two rhodium atoms redistribute the four electrons involved in the cleavage of the O=O bond.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines in influent wastewater of eight European cities.

The popularity of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has grown in recent years, with certain NPS commonly and preferentially consumed even following the introduction of preventative legislation. With the objective to improve the knowledge on the use of NPS, a rapid and very sensitive method was developed for the determination of ten priority NPS (N-ethylcathinone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone, butylone, methedrone, mephedrone, naphyrone, 25-C-NBOMe, 25-I-NBOMe and 25-B-NBOMe) in influent wastewater. Sample clean-up and pre-concentration was made by off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) with Oasis MCX cartridges.

A Tunable Magnetic Domain Wall Conduit Regulating Nanoparticle Diffusion.

We demonstrate a general and robust method to confine on a plane strongly diffusing nanoparticles in water by using size tunable magnetic channels. These virtual conduits are realized with pairs of movable Bloch walls located within an epitaxially grown ferrite garnet film. We show that once inside the magnetic conduit the particles experience an effective local parabolic potential in the transverse direction, while freely diffusing along the conduit.

Facilitating high resolution mass spectrometry data processing for screening of environmental water samples: An evaluation of two deconvolution tools.

A screening approach was applied to influent and effluent wastewater samples. After injection in a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap, data analysis was performed using two deconvolution tools, MsXelerator (modules MPeaks and MS Compare) and Sieve 2.1.

Biotransformation of pharmaceuticals in surface water and during waste water treatment: Identification and occurrence of transformation products.

Venlafaxine, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, irbesartan and ofloxacin are highly-consumed pharmaceuticals that show considerable removal efficiencies (between 40 and 98%) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, they are expected to generate transformation products (TPs) during wastewater treatment and in surface water (SW) receiving WWTP effluent. In this work, degradation experiments for these five pharmaceuticals have been carried out with SW and WWTP activated sludge under laboratory-controlled aerobic conditions to identify their transformation products by liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS).

Clinical Safety and Immunogenicity of Tumor-Targeted, Plant-Made Id-KLH Conjugate Vaccines for Follicular Lymphoma.

We report the first evaluation of plant-made conjugate vaccines for targeted treatment of B-cell follicular lymphoma (FL) in a Phase I safety and immunogenicity clinical study. Each recombinant personalized immunogen consisted of a tumor-derived, plant-produced idiotypic antibody (Ab) hybrid comprising the hypervariable regions of the tumor-associated light and heavy Ab chains, genetically grafted onto a common human IgG1 scaffold. Each immunogen was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using twin magnICON vectors expressing the light and heavy chains of the idiotypic Ab.

The effects of sertraline administration from adolescence to adulthood on physiological and emotional development in prenatally stressed rats of both sexes.

Sertraline (SERT) is a clinically effective Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) known to increase and stabilize serotonin levels. This neurotransmitter plays an important role in adolescent brain development in both rodents and humans, and its dysregulation has been correlated with deficits in behavior and emotional regulation. Since prenatal stress may disturb serotoninergic homeostasis, the aim of this study was to examine the long-lasting effects of exposure to SERT throughout adolescence on behavioral and physiological developmental parameters in prenatally stressed Wistar rats.

Improved appreciation of the functioning and importance of biological soil crusts in Europe: the Soil Crust International Project (SCIN).

Here we report details of the European research initiative "Soil Crust International" (SCIN) focusing on the biodiversity of biological soil crusts (BSC, composed of bacteria, algae, lichens, and bryophytes) and on functional aspects in their specific environment. Known as the so-called "colored soil lichen community" (Bunte Erdflechtengesellschaft), these BSCs occur all over Europe, extending into subtropical and arid regions. Our goal is to study the uniqueness of these BSCs on the regional scale and investigate how this community can cope with large macroclimatic differences.

Mass and charge conservation check in dynamic models: application to the new ADM1 model.

This paper proposes a systematic methodology for the analysis of the mass and charge balances in dynamic models expressed using the Petersen matrix notation. This methodology is based on the definition of the model components via elemental mass fractions and in the estimation of the COD as a function of the redox equations associated with these elements. This approach makes the automatic calculation of all the stoichiometric coefficients under different measuring units and the study of COD, charge or mass fluxes easier.

An estimation of the exposure to organophosphorus pesticides through the simultaneous determination of their main metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid method has been developed for the determination of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) (parathion and methyl-parathion metabolite) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3-Me-PNP) (fenitrothion metabolite) in human urine by coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-LC-MS/MS). The LC-LC-MS/MS approach allows the determination at sub-ppb level of free metabolites by injecting the urine directly into the system and the total metabolites after a simple enzymatic hydrolysis. The method has been validated, obtaining limits of detection of 0.

Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry: a powerful approach for the sensitive and rapid multiclass determination of pesticides and transformation products in water.

In this paper we will show the results of our research on the direct simultaneous determination of multi-class pesticides and transformation products with different polarities and acid-base properties by applying an on-line trace enrichment coupled to the chromatographic system supplied with electrospray interface (SPE-LC-MS/MS method). The specific chromatographic separation allows the correct determination of almost fifty compounds (37 pesticides and 10 transformation products) using very low sample volume and very little sample handling. Recoveries between 70-120% were obtained for all compounds in drinking and groundwater, meanwhile in surface water 44 compounds were correctly quantified.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a retrospective surgical experience.

Objective: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a primary complication of cervical or odontogenical infections that can spread to the mediastinum through the anatomic cervical spaces. We reviewed the last 10 years of our surgical experience in DNM and commented on early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment in these patients.

Methods: Five males (71%) and two females (29%), mean age 34 years, with DNM, were surgically treated.