Noble-metal-free Co P nanoparticles: modified perovskite oxide ultrathin nanosheet photocatalysts with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.

The integration of semiconductor-based photocatalysts with noble-metal-free cocatalysts has great significance for practical applications. In this work, for the first time, novel Co P/KCaNbO nanostructures (abbreviated as Co P/KCNO) were synthesized by integrating noble-metal-free Co P nanoparticles onto the surface of KCaNbO ultrathin nanosheets (abbreviated as KCNO), and exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Under the irradiation of xenon light, the hydrogen generation rate of the resulting optimal Co P/KCNO reached up to 90.

Recognizing the role of plant species composition in the modification of soil nutrients and water in rubber agroforestry systems.

Reliable guidance for crop selection and related management to achieve sustainable soil resource use in rubber agroforestry systems is limited. One important reason for this limited guidance is that our understanding of the effects of different plant functional groups on soil resources is still insufficient. Here, to examine the effects of the species composition of trees, shrubs and herbs on soil nutrients and soil water with increases in the complexity of the plant community structure, we measured the soil nutrient concentrations (i.

Immunogenomic profiling determines responses to combined PARP and PD-1 inhibition in ovarian cancer.

Combined PARP and immune checkpoint inhibition has yielded encouraging results in ovarian cancer, but predictive biomarkers are lacking. We performed immunogenomic profiling and highly multiplexed single-cell imaging on tumor samples from patients enrolled in a Phase I/II trial of niraparib and pembrolizumab in ovarian cancer (NCT02657889). We identify two determinants of response; mutational signature 3 reflecting defective homologous recombination DNA repair, and positive immune score as a surrogate of interferon-primed exhausted CD8 + T-cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) alleviated by basal alkaline fertilizers followed by topdressing of manganese fertilizer.

Rice is a main source of dietary cadmium (Cd), thus, how to reduce the Cd concentration in brown rice has received extensive attention worldwide. In three acidic paddy soils slightly to moderately contaminated with Cd, a series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilizer (urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium carbonate, respectively) alone or coupled with a topdressing of manganese (Mn) fertilizer at the tillering stage on reducing Cd bioavailability in soil and uptake in rice. The rational application of N-P-K fertilizer not only provided the basic nutrients to promote the normal growth of rice but also increased soil pH and thereby reduced the Cd bioavailability in soil.

Comparison of Multivendor Single-Voxel MR Spectroscopy Data Acquired in Healthy Brain at 26 Sites.

Background The hardware and software differences between MR vendors and individual sites influence the quantification of MR spectroscopy data. An analysis of a large data set may help to better understand sources of the total variance in quantified metabolite levels. Purpose To compare multisite quantitative brain MR spectroscopy data acquired in healthy participants at 26 sites by using the vendor-supplied single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence.

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Swellable and Floating Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (sfGRDDS) for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Nilotinib.

Regarding compliance and minimization of side effects of nilotinib therapy, there is a medical need to have a gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability that is able to administer an optimal dose in a quaque die (QD) or daily manner. In this study, the influence on a swelling and floating () GRDDS composed of a polymeric excipient (HPMC 90SH 100K, HEC 250HHX, or PEO 7000K) and Kollidon SR was examined. Results demonstrated that PEO 7000K/Kollidon SR (P/K) at a 7/3 ratio was determined to be a basic GRDDS formulation with optimal swelling and floating abilities.

Photoplethysmography-derived approximate entropy and sample entropy as measures of analgesia depth during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia.

The ability to monitor the physiological effect of the analgesic agent is of interest in clinical practice. Nonstationary changes would appear in photoplethysmography (PPG) during the analgesics-driven transition to analgesia. The present work studied the properties of nonlinear methods including approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) derived from PPG responding to a nociceptive stimulus under various opioid concentrations.

Photoplethysmography Response to Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion during Propofol-Remifentanil Anethesia.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the abilities of photoplethysmography (PPG)-derived parameters, including sample entropy of PPG (SampEn), amplitude of PPG (PPGA), pulse beat interval (PBI) and diastolic interval (DI) extracted by nonlinear or linear methods, to monitor the balance between nociception and antinociception. 26 ASA I or II patients were randomized into one of the three groups to receive a remifentanil effect-compartment target controlled infusion (Ce) of 1, 3 and 5 ng/ml and an effect-compartment target controlled propofol infusion (Ce) to keep the state entropy (SE) at 50 (40~60). Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion was applied as a noxious stimulus.

Ecological stoichiometry of the epiphyte community in a subtropical forest canopy.

Epiphytes in tree canopies make a considerable contribution to the species diversity, aboveground biomass, and nutrient pools in forest ecosystems. However, the nutrient status of epiphytes and their possible adaptations to nutrient deficiencies in the forest canopy remain unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the stoichiometry of five macroelements (C, N, P, K, and Ca) in four taxonomic groups (lichens, bryophytes, ferns, and spermatophytes) to investigate this issue in a subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Southwest China.

Higher Incidence of Asymptomatic Cerebral Emboli After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Found With High-Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Asymptomatic cerebral emboli (ACE) are commonly seen on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after atrial fibrillation ablation, but the incidence in previous studies varies widely. No data exists to compare the effects of different diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) settings on detecting ablation-related ACE. This self-control study sought to compare the incidence and characteristics of ablation-related ACE between high-resolution DWI and conventional DWI.

Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence images and single-cell data of immune markers in tonsil and lung cancer.

In this data descriptor, we document a dataset of multiplexed immunofluorescence images and derived single-cell measurements of immune lineage and other markers in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tonsil and lung cancer tissue. We used tissue cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) to generate fluorescence images which we artifact corrected using the BaSiC tool, stitched and registered using the ASHLAR algorithm, and segmented using ilastik software and MATLAB. We extracted single-cell features from these images using HistoCAT software.

FDA oversight of NSIGHT genomic research: the need for an integrated systems approach to regulation.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded the Newborn Sequencing In Genomic medicine and public HealTh (NSIGHT) Consortium to investigate the implications, challenges, and opportunities associated with the possible use of genomic sequence information in the newborn period. Following announcement of the NSIGHT awardees in 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) contacted investigators and requested that pre-submissions to investigational device exemptions (IDE) be submitted for the use of genomic sequencing under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR) part 812. IDE regulation permits clinical investigation of medical devices that have not been approved by the FDA.

Pharmacological Inhibition of TFF3 Enhances Sensitivity of CMS4 Colorectal Carcinoma to 5-Fluorouracil through Inhibition of p44/42 MAPK.

Increased expression of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) has been reported in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), being correlated with distant metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Amongst the CRC subtypes, mesenchymal (CMS4) CRC is associated with the worst survival outcome. Herein, the functional roles of TFF3 and the pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 by a novel specific small molecule TFF3 inhibitor-2-amino-4-(4-(6-fluoro-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile (AMPC) in CMS4 CRC was explored.

Deep Learning for Automated Measurement of Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema in Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose- Volumes of hemorrhage and perihematomal edema (PHE) are well-established biomarkers of primary and secondary injury, respectively, in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. An automated imaging pipeline capable of accurately and rapidly quantifying these biomarkers would facilitate large cohort studies evaluating underlying mechanisms of injury. Methods- Regions of hemorrhage and PHE were manually delineated on computed tomography scans of patients enrolled in 2 intracerebral hemorrhage studies.

Differential stoichiometric responses of shrubs and grasses to increased precipitation in a degraded karst ecosystem in Southwestern China.

The elemental concentrations of both plants and soils are sensitive to variations in precipitation due to the limiting roles of water on soil processes and plant growth in karst ecosystems of Southwestern China; however, precipitation is predicted to increase in this region. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the elemental composition of soils and plants might respond to such increases in moisture. Particularly, how potassium (K) may behave as a key mediator in the regulation of the water potential of plants.

A novel small-molecule inhibitor of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) potentiates MEK1/2 inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma.

TFF3 has been identified as a novel biomarker to distinguish between lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). Herein, we determined the oncogenic functions of TFF3 and demonstrated the potential of pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 in lung ADC using a novel small-molecule inhibitor of TFF3 dimerization (AMPC). Forced expression of TFF3 in lung ADC cells enhanced cell proliferation and survival, increased anchorage-independent growth, cancer stem cell behavior, growth in 3D Matrigel, and cell migration and invasion.

Contralateral Hemispheric Cerebral Blood Flow Measured With Arterial Spin Labeling Can Predict Outcome in Acute Stroke.

Background and Purpose- Imaging is frequently used to select acute stroke patients for intra-arterial therapy. Quantitative cerebral blood flow can be measured noninvasively with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow levels in the contralateral (unaffected) hemisphere may affect capacity for collateral flow and patient outcome.

Opportunities in Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging by Using High-Performance Low-Field-Strength MRI.

Background Commercial low-field-strength MRI systems are generally not equipped with state-of-the-art MRI hardware, and are not suitable for demanding imaging techniques. An MRI system was developed that combines low field strength (0.55 T) with high-performance imaging technology.

Diagnostic potential of ionomic profile in the plasma of cervical cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Background And Aim: Major and trace elements play an important role in human body, and it has been reported that ionomic distribution differ greatly in tumor patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on the ionomic profile in human plasma as a potential biomarker for the therapeutic effects of cervical cancer.

Method: Thirty-seven patients with cervical cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were included in this study, pretherapy and post-treatment blood samples were collected and concentrations of 24 ions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Cortical microinfarcts in memory clinic patients are associated with reduced cerebral perfusion.

Cerebral cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are small ischemic lesions associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. CMIs are frequently observed in cortical watershed areas suggesting that hypoperfusion contributes to their development. We investigated if presence of CMIs was related to a decrease in cerebral perfusion, globally or specifically in cortex surrounding CMIs.

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Revascularization According to the SYNTAX Score.

Background: The SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS), a measure of anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) extent and complexity, has proven useful in past studies to determine the absolute and relative prognosis after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought to assess contemporary outcomes after PCI and CABG in patients with left main CAD according to SS and revascularization type from a large randomized trial.

Methods: The EXCEL trial (Evaluation of XIENCE Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) randomized patients with left main CAD and site-assessed SS≤32 to PCI with everolimus-eluting stents or CABG.

Nuclear -Nitrosylation Defines an Optimal Zone for Inducing Pluripotency.

Background: We found that cell-autonomous innate immune signaling causes global changes in the expression of epigenetic modifiers to facilitate nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency. A role of -nitrosylation by inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, an important effector of innate immunity, has been previously described in the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to endothelial cells. Accordingly, we hypothesized that -nitrosylation might also have a role in nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency.

Phosphorus complexation of sewage sludge during thermal hydrolysis with different reaction temperature and reaction time by P K-edge XANES and P NMR.

Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) can improve sludge disintegration and biogas production. Phosphorus (P) is immobilized on hydrochars of sewage sludge (SS). It is critical to understand changes in P speciation in SS hydrochars under different reaction temperatures and reaction times during THP for reclamation and (re)cycling of P.

Functional Group Specific Phytic Acid Adsorption at the Ferrihydrite-Water Interface.

Phytic acid, as the dominant organic phosphorus species in soils, always preferentially adsorbs on Fe/Al minerals. In this study, adsorption mechanisms of phytic acid at the ferrihydrite-water interface were investigated as a function of pH using batch adsorption experiment, zeta potential measurements, in situ P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and solution P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With increasing [phytic acid] from 0 to 50 μM, the isoelectric point of ferrihydrite decreased from ∼8.

An Efficient Automated Radiosynthesis and Bioactivity Confirmation of VMAT2 Tracer [F]FP-(+)-DTBZ.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to optimize the radiolabeling method of [F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([F]FP-(+)-DTBZ) to fulfill the demand of preclinical and clinical application.

Procedures: Optimized labeling conditions were performed by altering the molar ratio of precursor to base (P/B), base species, solvents, reaction temperature, reaction time, and precursor concentration through manual radiosynthesis of [F]FP-(+)-DTBZ. The conditions with the highest radiochemical yield (RCY) were applied to automated radiosynthesis, and the crude product was purified with a Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridge.