Methylammonium Lead Iodide across Physical Space: Phase Boundaries and Structural Collapse.

Hybrid perovskites exhibit complex structures and phase behavior under different thermodynamic conditions and chemical environments, the understanding of which continues to be pivotally important for tailoring their properties toward improved operational stability. To this end, we present for the first time a comprehensive neutron and synchrotron diffraction investigation over the pressure-temperature phase diagram of the paradigmatic hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI). This ambitious experimental campaign down to cryogenic temperatures and tens of kilobars was supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations validated by the experimental data, to track the structural evolution of MAPbI under external physical stimuli at the atomic and molecular levels.

HTLV-1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles.

Adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T- lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient-derived ATL cells (ATL-PDX) and HTLV-1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T leads to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow-replacing ATL-PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone.

Anti-matching effect in a two dimensional driven vortex lattice in the presence of periodic pinning.

The dynamics of a driven superconducting vortex lattice in a two-dimensional (2) periodic potential of square symmetry is studied using Brownian dynamics simulations. The range and strength of the vortex-substrate interaction are taken to be of the same order as that of the vortex-vortex interaction. The matching effect in a driven vortex lattice in the presence of a periodic array of pinning centers refers to the enhanced resistance to the vortex lattice motion when the ratio of the number of vortices to the number of pinning centers (called the filling fraction) takes simple fractional values.

Iso-structural phase transition in pyrochlore iridates (Sm _{1-x}$Bi)IrO(= 0, 0.02, and 0.10): high-pressure Raman and x-ray diffraction studies.

The pyrochlore iridates,IrO, show a wide variety of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties controlled by the interplay of different exchange interactions, which can be tuned by external pressure. In this work, we report pressure-induced iso-structural phase transitions at ambient temperature using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction (up to ∼20 GPa) and Raman-scattering measurements (up to ∼25 GPa) of the pyrochlore series (Sm_{1-x}Bi)IrO(= 0, 0.02, and 0.

Suppression of Lattice Doubling in Quasi-Skutterudite LaRhSn: A Comparison of Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure Routes.

We present structural properties at different temperatures and high-pressure (HP) of LaRhSn which is one of the interesting systems in the Remika phase RERhSn (RE=Sr, Ca, La, Pr, Ce) quasi-skutterudite series using synchrotron diffraction. Data at ambient conditions revealed the presence of several weak reflections, which could be accounted only with a superlattice I* structure (I432) with lattice parameter a~19.457 Å.

Anastomotic Configuration and Temporary Diverting Ileostomy Do Not Increase Risk of Anastomotic Stricture in Postoperative Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Surgical management of Crohn's disease (CD) is common. Postoperative complications include anastomotic stricturing (AS). The natural history and risk factors for AS have not been elucidated.

Modifiability of Composite Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes With Finerenone.

Importance: It is currently unclear whether chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is modifiable.

Objective: To examine whether cardiovascular risk can be modified with finerenone in patients with T2D and CKD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Incidence rates from Finerenone in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Combined FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Trial Programme Analysis (FIDELITY), a pooled analysis of 2 phase 3 trials (including patients with CKD and T2D randomly assigned to receive finerenone or placebo) were combined with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to simulate the number of composite cardiovascular events that may be prevented per year with finerenone at a population level.

Raman Evidence of Multiple Adsorption Sites and Structural Transformation in ZIF-4.

The zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-4, exhibits soft porosity and is known to show pore volume changes with temperatures, pressures, and guest adsorption. However, the mechanism and adsorption behavior of ZIF-4 are not completely understood. In this work, we report an open to narrow pore transition in ZIF-4 around ∼ 253 K upon lowering the temperature under vacuum (10 Torr) conditions, facilitated by C-H···π interactions.

A comparative post hoc analysis of finerenone and spironolactone in resistant hypertension in moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease.

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) and increase serum potassium concentration ([K]). This indirect comparison investigated any differences in SBP-lowering and hyperkalemia risk between finerenone, a nonsteroidal MRA, and the steroidal MRA spironolactone ± a potassium binder.

Methods: In FIDELITY (a pooled analysis of FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD), a subgroup of patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) and chronic kidney disease meeting eligibility criteria of the AMBER trial were identified (FIDELITY-TRH).

Finerenone and effects on mortality in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a FIDELITY analysis.

Aims: Finerenone reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the causes of mortality in the FIDELITY population.

Methods And Results: The FIDELITY prespecified pooled data analysis from FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD excluded patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.

Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.

Background: High triglyceride levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but whether reductions in these levels would lower the incidence of cardiovascular events is uncertain. Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, reduces triglyceride levels and improves other lipid levels.

Methods: In a multinational, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride level, 200 to 499 mg per deciliter), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels of 40 mg per deciliter or lower to receive pemafibrate (0.

Finerenone and Heart Failure Outcomes by Kidney Function/Albuminuria in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes.

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), risks of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure (HF) increase with decreasing kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) and increasing albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR]). Finerenone, a selective, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improved cardiorenal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and T2D in FIDELITY (Finerenone in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Combined FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Trial Programme Analysis).

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of finerenone on HF outcomes by eGFR and/or UACR categories.

Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Background: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Methods: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.

Finerenone in patients across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use.

Aims: To explore the modifying effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use on outcomes with finerenone across a wide spectrum of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the pooled analysis of FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD.

Materials And Methods: Patients with T2D and CKD treated with optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade were randomized to finerenone or placebo. Effects of finerenone on a cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and a kidney composite outcome (kidney failure, sustained ≥57% estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decline, or renal death), change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and safety were analysed by GLP-1RA use.

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Criteria and Machine Learning in Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis Diagnosis.

Background And Objectives: Recent studies have suggested that intereye differences (IEDs) in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) or ganglion cell + inner plexiform (GCIPL) thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) may identify people with a history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). However, this requires further validation. Machine learning classification may be useful for validating thresholds for OCT IEDs and for examining added utility for visual function tests, such as low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA), in the diagnosis of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and for unilateral ON history.

The benefits, limitations and opportunities of preclinical models for neonatal drug development.

Increased research to improve preclinical models to inform the development of therapeutics for neonatal diseases is an area of great need. This article reviews five common neonatal diseases - bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal sepsis - and the available in vivo, in vitro and in silico preclinical models for studying these diseases. Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of specialized neonatal disease models will help to improve their utility, may add to the understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of a therapeutic, and/or may improve the understanding of the disease pathology to aid in identification of new therapeutic targets.

Pressure-enhanced superconductivity in cage-type quasiskutterudite ScRhSnsingle crystal.

ScRhSnwith a cage-type quasiskutterudite crystal lattice and type II superconductivity, with superconducting transition temperature= 4.99 K, was investigated under hydrostatic high-pressure (HP) using electrical transport, synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Our data show that HP enhance the metallic nature andof the system.

Pressure-Induced Structural Behavior of Orthorhombic Mn(VO): Raman Spectroscopic and X-ray Diffraction Investigations.

The effect of high pressure on the structure of orthorhombic Mn(VO) is investigated using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction up to high pressures of 26.2 and 23.4 GPa, respectively.

Finerenone Dose-Exposure-Serum Potassium Response Analysis of FIDELIO-DKD Phase III: The Role of Dosing, Titration, and Inclusion Criteria.

Background: Finerenone is a nonsteroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) that demonstrated efficacy in delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reducing cardiovascular events in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus in FIDELIO-DKD, where 5734 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either finerenone or placebo, with a median follow-up of 2.6 years. Doses of finerenone 10 or 20 mg once daily were titrated based on (serum) potassium and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Finerenone Dose-Exposure-Response for the Primary Kidney Outcome in FIDELIO-DKD Phase III: Population Pharmacokinetic and Time-to-Event Analysis.

Background: Finerenone is a nonsteroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that recently demonstrated efficacy in delaying chronic kidney disease progression and reducing cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes in FIDELIO-DKD, where 5734 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either titrated finerenone doses of 10 or 20 mg once daily or placebo, with a median follow-up of 2.6 years.

Methods: Nonlinear mixed-effects population pharmacokinetic models were used to analyze the pharmacokinetics in FIDELIO-DKD, sparsely sampled in all subjects receiving finerenone.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program Questionnaire Validation Study (PQVS).

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.