Micronization of wholewheat flour increases iron bioavailability from hydrothermally processed wheat flour dough.

Cereal products contribute significantly to dietary intake of essential minerals. In wheat, iron and zinc are stored in specific grain structures including the aleurone, scutellum and embryo. Wheat cell walls are resistant to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and therefore this study investigated the hypothesis that physical disruption of the cell walls would increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc from wheat-based foods.

Complex PTSD symptoms predict positive symptoms of psychosis in the flow of daily life.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to predict psychotic symptomology. However, few studies have examined the relative contribution of PTSD compared to broader post-traumatic sequelae in maintaining psychosis. Complex PTSD (cPTSD), operationalized using ICD-11 criteria, includes core PTSD (intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal) as well as additional "disturbances of self-organisation" (DSO; emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties, negative self-concept) symptoms, more likely to be associated with complex trauma histories.

Combined Regulatory T-Lymphocyte and IL-2 Treatment Is Safe, Tolerable, and Biologically Active for 1 Year in Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In a phase 1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) study, autologous infusions of expanded regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) combined with subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 were safe and well tolerated. Treg suppressive function increased and disease progression stabilized during the study. The present study was conducted to confirm the reliability of these results.

The Prevalence of Retinal Disease and Associated CNS Disease in Young Patients with Incontinentia Pigmenti.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of retinal disease on fluorescein angiography (FA) in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and to compare the severity of retinal disease in those with and without known central nervous system (CNS) disease.

Design: Multi-institutional consecutive retrospective case series.

Subjects: New patients with a diagnosis of IP were seen at the Casey Eye Institute at the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, or Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami from December 2011 to September 2018.

Surface Roughness of Titanium Orthopedic Implants Alters the Biological Phenotype of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Metal orthopedic implants are largely biocompatible and generally achieve long-term structural fixation. However, some orthopedic implants may loosen over time even in the absence of infection. fixation failure is multifactorial, but the fundamental biological defect is cellular dysfunction at the host-implant interface.

Acute Kidney Injury When Treating Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Total Knee Arthroplasties with Antibiotic-Loaded Spacers: Incidence, Risks, and Outcomes.

Background: Two-stage exchange arthroplasty with a high-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) spacer and intravenous or oral antibiotics is the most common method of managing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known about the contemporary incidence, the risk factors, and the outcomes of acute kidney injuries (AKIs) in this cohort.

Methods: We identified 424 patients who had been treated with 455 ALBC spacers after resection of a PJI following a primary TKA from 2000 to 2017.

Effects of triheptanoin (UX007) in patients with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders: Results from an open-label, long-term extension study.

Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) are autosomal recessive conditions that impair conversion of long-chain fatty acids into energy, leading to significant clinical symptoms. Triheptanoin is a highly purified, 7-carbon chain triglyceride approved in the United States as a source of calories and fatty acids for treatment of pediatric and adult patients with molecularly confirmed LC-FAOD. CL202 is an open-label, long-term extension study evaluating triheptanoin (Dojolvi) safety and efficacy in patients with LC-FAOD.

Provisional best practices guidelines for the evaluation of bulbar dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Introduction: Universally established comprehensive clinical bulbar scales objectively assessing disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are currently lacking. The goal of this working group project is to design a best practice set of provisional bulbar ALS guidelines, available for immediate implementation within all ALS clinics.

Methods: ALS specialists across multiple related disciplines participated in a series of clinical bulbar symposia, intending to identify and summarize the currently accepted best practices for the assessment and management of bulbar dysfunction in ALS Results: Summary group recommendations for individual speech, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), and swallowing sections were achieved, focusing on the optimal proposed level of care within each domain.

Modular Fluted Tapered Stems in Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Modular fluted tapered stems have become the most commonly employed category of femoral component in revision hip arthroplasty in North America as a result of favorable early results and simplicity of use. Despite wide adoption, the majority of published data are limited to relatively small series with modest follow-up. The goal of the current study was to determine the success rate and factors associated with success, failure, and complications of the use of modular fluted tapered stems in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in a large patient cohort.

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants.

Background: Studies in animals and in humans have suggested that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, might reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but appropriately designed trials are lacking.

Methods: We randomly assigned 1273 infants born before 29 weeks of gestation (stratified according to sex, gestational age [<27 weeks or 27 to <29 weeks], and center) within 3 days after their first enteral feeding to receive either an enteral emulsion providing DHA at a dose of 60 mg per kilogram of body weight per day or a control (soy) emulsion without DHA until 36 weeks of postmenstrual age. The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia, defined on a physiological basis (with the use of oxygen-saturation monitoring in selected infants), at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age or discharge home, whichever occurred first.

PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Merkel-Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Merkel-cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer that is linked to exposure to ultraviolet light and the Merkel-cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma often responds to chemotherapy, but responses are transient. Blocking the programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune inhibitory pathway is of interest, because these tumors often express PD-L1, and MCPyV-specific T cells express PD-1.

Nitrite Reductase Activity in Engineered Azurin Variants.

Nitrite reductase (NiR) activity was examined in a series of dicopper P.a. azurin variants in which a surface binding copper site was added through site-directed mutagenesis.

Dynamic analysis of GH receptor conformational changes by split luciferase complementation.

The transmembrane GH receptor (GHR) exists at least in part as a preformed homodimer on the cell surface. Structural and biochemical studies suggest that GH binds GHR in a 1:2 stoichiometry to effect acute GHR conformational changes that trigger the activation of the receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and downstream signaling. Despite information about GHR-GHR association derived from elegant fluorescence resonance energy transfer/bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies, an assessment of the dynamics of GH-induced GHR conformational changes has been lacking.

Sunitinib malate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

Background: Systemic therapy options are limited for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who progress following docetaxel (Taxotere). This phase II trial evaluated sunitinib malate in patients with progressing metastatic CRPC following prior docetaxel.

Patients And Methods: Patients with metastatic CRPC progressing following one to two chemotherapy regimens including docetaxel were included.

Family Caregivers of Women with Physical Disabilities.

Cross-sectional, correlational analyses of data from two separate studies were conducted to examine the correlates of adjustment among family caregivers of women with disabilities. Participants included 40 caregivers of women with spinal cord injuries in the first study and 53 caregivers of women with cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and other neuromuscular disabilities in the second study. It was hypothesized that a negative problem-solving style would be associated with greater caregiver distress in both studies, and that caregiver adjustment would be associated with care recipient depression in the second study.

Radiographic, computed tomographic and histopathologic appearance of a presumed spinal chordoma in a dog.

A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presented for urinary incontinence and constipation of 2 weeks duration. There was a tender abdomen, lumbar pain and conscious proprioceptive deficits in both pelvic limbs. Depressed pelvic limb reflexes were present consistent with a lower motor neuron lesion.

Factor IX gene mutations in haemophilia B: a New Zealand population-based study.

Haemophilia B (Christmas disease) is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from an inherited deficiency of coagulation factor IX activity. Due to the heterogeneity of mutations within the factor IX gene there is a marked clinical variability in disease severity. By applying techniques of mutational analysis and direct sequencing of PCR products it is now potentially possible to determine the pathogenic gene defect in entire haemophilia B populations.

A selenium transport protein model of a sub-type of schizophrenia.

The model presented here suggests that a defect in a selenium transport protein may be a necessary but not sufficient precondition for a sub-type of schizophrenia--a type of schizophrenia that has been characterized by negative symptoms, brain damage, and a lack of primarily paranoid ideation. A defective selenium transport protein and consequent low levels of selenium might adversely affect multiple enzyme systems. Selenium-enzyme interreactions are discussed and the effect of selenium on arachidonic acid and its metabolites, especially 12-HPETE, are examined in light of the presented model.

D1 receptors function to inhibit the activation of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons.

The effects of the D1 dopamine agonists SKF 38393 and CY 208-243 on the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase within tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons were studied by measuring the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence in vivo after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase. SKF 38393 (5-20 mg/kg) and CY 208-243 (5-20 mg/kg) alone did not alter the accumulation of DOPA in the median eminence of male rats. However, the haloperidol-, reserpine- and neurotensin-induced increases in DOPA formation in the median eminence were antagonized dose-dependently by SKF 38393 (5-20 mg/kg i.

Evolutionary implications of features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the genus Acinetobacter.

Key enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were examined in the genus Acinetobacter. Members of this genus belong to a suprafamilial assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria (denoted Superfamily B) for which a phylogenetic tree based upon oligonucleotide cataloging of 16S rRNA exists. Since the Acinetobacter lineage diverged at an early evolutionary time from other lineages within Superfamily B, an examination of aromatic biosynthesis in members of this genus has supplied important clues for the deduction of major evolutionary events leading to the contemporary aromatic pathways that now exist within Superfamily B.