Microglia modulate the cerebrovascular reactivity through ectonucleotidase CD39.

Microglia and the border-associated macrophages contribute to the modulation of cerebral blood flow, but the mechanisms have remained uncertain. Here, we show that microglia regulate the cerebral blood flow baseline and the responses to whisker stimulation or intra-cisternal magna injection of adenosine triphosphate, but not intra-cisternal magna injection of adenosine in mice model. Notably, microglia repopulation corrects these cerebral blood flow anomalies.

Molybdate uptake interplay with ROS tolerance modulates bacterial pathogenesis.

The rare metal element molybdenum functions as a cofactor in molybdoenzymes that are essential to life in almost all living things. Molybdate can be captured by the periplasmic substrate-binding protein ModA of ModABC transport system in bacteria. We demonstrate that ModA plays crucial roles in growth, multiple metabolic pathways, and ROS tolerance in .

Unilateral Versus Bilateral Endoscopic Resection of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Pooled Analysis From Prospective and Retrospective Multicenter Data.

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare sinonasal malignancy primarily treated with surgery. For tumors arising from the olfactory area, traditional treatment involves transcribriform resection of the anterior cranial fossa. Surgery can be performed with unilateral or bilateral resection depending on extent of involvement; however, there are currently no studies comparing outcomes between the two.

Cryo-EM structure and complementary drug efflux activity of the Acinetobacter baumannii multidrug efflux pump AdeG.

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infection, with its resistance highly depending on multiple multidrug efflux pumps. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Acinetobacter drug efflux G (AdeG), the inner membrane component of one of three important resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) pump family members in A. baumannii, which is involved in drug resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin.