Inducible, but not constitutive, pancreatic isoforms are regulated by intestinal microbiota and pancreatic diseases.

The / gene locus encodes for a conserved family of potent antimicrobial but also pancreatitis-associated proteins. Here we investigated whether family members differ in their baseline expression levels and abilities to be regulated in the pancreas and gut upon perturbations. We found, in human and mouse, pancreas and gut differed in / isoform levels and preferences, with duodenum most resembling the pancreas.

Neural mechanisms of credit assignment for delayed outcomes during contingent learning.

Adaptive behavior in complex environments critically relies on the ability to appropriately link specific choices or actions to their outcomes. However, the neural mechanisms that support the ability to credit only those past choices believed to have caused the observed outcomes remain unclear. Here, we leverage multivariate pattern analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and an adaptive learning task to shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of such specific credit assignment.

The Clinical and Surgical Characteristics of Parotid Tumors with Parapharyngeal Space Involvement-A Multicenter Experience of the Polish Salivary Network.

Parotid gland tumors (PGTs) with parapharyngeal space (PPS) involvement have a specific clinical course and they can be a great challenge for surgeons, especially due to more difficult approaches and the risk of serious complications. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics of PGTs with PPS involvement. : Retrospective, multicenter analysis of 1954 primary PGTs from 5 years (2017-2021) was performed.

Sub-Sharvin Conductance and Incoherent Shot-Noise in Graphene Disks at Magnetic Field.

Highly doped graphene samples show reduced conductance and enhanced shot-noise power compared with standard ballistic systems in two-dimensional electron gas. These features can be understood within a model that assumes incoherent scattering of Dirac electrons between two interfaces separating the sample and the leads. Here we find, by adopting the above model for the edge-free (Corbino) geometry and by computer simulation of quantum transport, that another graphene-specific feature should be observable when the current flow through a doped disk is blocked by a strong magnetic field.

Islet Isolation Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation in the POST Consortium.

Background: In total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT), a greater number of islets transplanted produces more favorable outcomes. We aimed to determine predictors of islet isolation outcomes.

Methods: We investigated factors associated with islet isolation outcomes expressed as islet number (IN), islet equivalents (IEQ; standardized to an islet with 150 μm diameter), IN/kg, or IEQ/kg using data from the multicenter Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT.