Access to global wheat reserves determines country-level vulnerability to conflict-induced Ukrainian wheat supply disruption.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict reduced global wheat supplies, yet the food security implications vary across countries. We identify a 39% decrease in Ukrainian wheat exports in 2022 resulting in >70% import losses in some of the countries most vulnerable to these disruptions, with substantial impacts felt in Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Mauritania, Yemen and Lebanon. Differential impacts are a function of access to capital and international trade, suggesting the need for policy measures to defuse the impending food crisis.

Patient attitudes and preferences about expanded noninvasive prenatal testing.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is typically carried out to screen for common fetal chromosomal anomalies, with the option to screen for a wider range of chromosomal changes (expanded NIPT) becoming increasingly available. However, little is known about pregnant patients' attitudes and preferences regarding expanded NIPT. To address this gap, we surveyed general-risk patients having first-tier cfDNA screening at a private prenatal clinic on their expectations for expanded NIPT.

Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity.

Over the past 50 years, food systems worldwide have shifted from predominantly rural to industrialized and consolidated systems, with impacts on diets, nutrition and health, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. We explore the potential for sustainable and equitable food system transformation (ideal state of change) by comparing countries at different stages of food system transition (changes) using food system typologies. Historically, incomes have risen faster than food prices as countries have industrialized, enabling a simultaneous increase in the supply and affordability of many nutritious foods.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines in the Aicardi Goutières Syndrome.

Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is an autoinflammatory disorder resulting in sustained interferon activation through defects in nucleic acid modification and sensing pathways. Thus, mRNA-based vaccination used against SARS-CoV-2, raise disease-specific safety concerns. To assess interferon signaling, we tested mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in AGS whole blood samples.