The Doctor Is In-Listed: TriCare in Civilian Practice.

North Carolina's TriCare Reserve Select is used by more than 4,000 members, and TriCare Retired Reserve is used by less than 400 members. The purpose of this article is to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to quality TriCare delivery for active and nonactive military and their families in North Carolina.

Evaluation of five circulating strains of variant infectious bursal disease virus (varIBDV) for their immunogenicity as broiler breeder vaccines and protective efficacy in neonatal broiler chicks.

The majority of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains circulating in the broiler chicken industry in Canada are variant strains (varIBDV). Despite high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MtAb), the circulating varIBDVs can establish infection and cause severe immunosuppression in broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating varIBDVs as broiler breeder vaccine candidates and investigate their protective efficacy against varIBDV challenge in their progeny chicks.

Exposure of embryonating eggs to Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli potentiates E. coli pathogenicity and increases mortality of neonatal chickens.

Enterococci and Escherichia coli are opportunistic pathogens of poultry and are associated with embryo and neonatal chick mortality. We have recently demonstrated that 56% of dead broiler chicken embryos in commercial hatcheries in western Canada were due to the coinfection of Enterococcus species and E. coli.

CpG-ODN induced antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks involves a substantial shift in serum metabolic profiles.

Synthetic CpG-ODNs can promote antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks by enriching immune compartments and activating immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo profound metabolic changes to meet cellular biosynthesis and energy demands and facilitate the signaling processes. We hypothesize that CpG-ODNs induced immune activation can change the host's metabolic demands in neonatal chicks.

A Systematic Review: Instruments to Measure Educator Retention Concepts.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative instruments that measure characteristics that support nurse educator education, specifically social support, motivation, and work opportunity.

Background: Vacancies in nurse faculty positions have left nursing education unable to increase the number of nurses prepared to enter the workforce.

Method: A review of education, nursing, and psychological databases was undertaken to identify reported instruments.