Pathobiology of copper toxicity.

A review is presented of various aspects of copper (Cu) metabolism. The Cu absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in monogastric animals differs from that in ruminants. This is influenced by Cu binding compounds, sulphide production in the rumen, and molybdenum and zinc concentrations of the diet.

Cellular proliferation of bile ductules and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in livers and sera of young cattle following a single infection with Fasciola hepatica.

During the course of experimental single infection with Fasciola hepatica in calves, the origin of the increased concentration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) found to be present in the serum during the biliary stage of the disease, was studied. The enzyme originates from the liver after flukes have caused intermittent and selective cholestasis in the bile-duct system. The enzyme which normally is present in the bile ducts can under these circumstances enter the surrounding interstitial tissues through broken-up junctions of the bile drainage system or be added to these from proliferating bile-ductule epithelium.

Torsion of the abomasum in ruminants: diagrammatic representation of rotary movements based on post-mortem findings.

A theoretical analysis of the types of displacement of the abomasum in the abdomen is presented based on a study of forty-seven post-mortem examinations of calves, cows, lambs and sheep showing right-sided abomasal displacement and production of knots. These displacements are quantified following the introduction of a dual-axial system. One system (XYZ) related to displacements of the abomasum on a pendulum model, the point of suspension being situated on the visceral surface of the liver and the arms consisting of parts of the digestive tract adjacent to the abomasum.

Torsion of the abomasum in ruminants: Diagrammatic representation of rotary movements based on post-mortem findings.

Summary A theoretical analysis of the types of displacement of the abomasum in the abdomen is presented based on a stud of forty-seven post-mortem examinations of calves, cows, lambs and sheep showing right-sided abomasal displacement and production of knots. These displacements are quantified following the introduction of a dual-axial system. One system (XYZ) related to displacements of the abomasum on a pendulum model, the point of suspension being situated on the visceral surface of the liver and the arms consisting of parts of the digestive tract adjacent to the abomasum.