Plasticity of Human Microglia and Brain Perivascular Macrophages in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

The complex roles of myeloid cells, including microglia and perivascular macrophages, are central to the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet they remain incompletely understood. Here, we profiled 832,505 human myeloid cells from the prefrontal cortex of 1,607 unique donors covering the human lifespan and varying degrees of AD neuropathology. We delineated 13 transcriptionally distinct myeloid subtypes organized into 6 subclasses and identified AD-associated adaptive changes in myeloid cells over aging and disease progression.

CellRank 2: unified fate mapping in multiview single-cell data.

Single-cell RNA sequencing allows us to model cellular state dynamics and fate decisions using expression similarity or RNA velocity to reconstruct state-change trajectories; however, trajectory inference does not incorporate valuable time point information or utilize additional modalities, whereas methods that address these different data views cannot be combined or do not scale. Here we present CellRank 2, a versatile and scalable framework to study cellular fate using multiview single-cell data of up to millions of cells in a unified fashion. CellRank 2 consistently recovers terminal states and fate probabilities across data modalities in human hematopoiesis and endodermal development.

Deep generative modeling of transcriptional dynamics for RNA velocity analysis in single cells.

RNA velocity has been rapidly adopted to guide interpretation of transcriptional dynamics in snapshot single-cell data; however, current approaches for estimating RNA velocity lack effective strategies for quantifying uncertainty and determining the overall applicability to the system of interest. Here, we present veloVI (velocity variational inference), a deep generative modeling framework for estimating RNA velocity. veloVI learns a gene-specific dynamical model of RNA metabolism and provides a transcriptome-wide quantification of velocity uncertainty.

A Guide to Trajectory Inference and RNA Velocity.

Technological developments have led to an explosion of high-throughput single-cell data, which are revealing unprecedented perspectives on cell identity. Recently, significant attention has focused on investigating, from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, cellular dynamic processes, such as cell differentiation, cell cycle and cell (de)activation. In particular, trajectory inference methods, by ordering cells along a trajectory, allow estimating a differentiation tree of cells.

Impact of Crystalloid or Albumin Priming of the Heart-Lung Machine on Inhospital Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Background:  Crystalloid priming is a cost-effective, free from immunological reactions, and independent from human plasma delivery. However, there is some debate on the negative impact of low plasma colloid pressure and higher incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of the study was to rule out any adverse effects of crystalloid priming on the postoperative outcome.