Optimal caliper placement: manual vs automated methods.

Objective: To examine the inter- and intra-operator repeatability of manual placement of callipers in the assessment of basic biometric measurements and to compare the results to an automated calliper placement system.

Methods: Stored ultrasound images of 95 normal fetuses between 19 and 25 weeks' gestation were used. Five operators (two experts, one resident and two students) were asked to measure the BPD, OFD and FL two times manually and automatically.

Macular structure and function and the development of retinopathy in diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between structural and functional changes identified with the Rarebit fovea test (RFT) in diabetic patients over two years. In addition, we evaluated whether the RFT changes at baseline can predict vascular changes detectable by conventional screening methods four to six years later.

Methods: Forty-two patients with diabetes and 42 age-matched healthy subjects underwent an initial examination.

Automated quality evaluation of digital fundus photographs.

Purpose: Retinal images acquired by means of digital photography are often used for evaluation and documentation of the ocular fundus, especially in patients with diabetes, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration. The clinical usefulness of an image is highly dependent on its quality. We set out to develop and evaluate an automatic method of evaluating the quality of digital fundus photographs.

Measurement of optic disc parameters on digital fundus photographs: algorithm development and evaluation.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a simple and rapid algorithm for optic disc measurements on digital fundus photographs, relying on the macula-disc centre distance as a reference when converting length expressed in pixels to metric distance.

Methods: Measurements were performed on fundus photographs from 68 normal subjects, acquired using five different cameras. The magnification factor and actual size in mum of 1 pixel was known for only one camera.

Early detection of macular changes in patients with diabetes using Rarebit Fovea Test and optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To evaluate central retinal thickness and foveal function using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the Rarebit Fovea Test (RFT) in patients with diabetes without previously known retinopathy or maculopathy.

Method: Forty-two patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were selected from the screening records at St Erik Eye Hospital. Inclusion criteria were absence of macular or other retinal changes at previous screening examination and best corrected visual acuity >/=1.