Gender Incongruence in Danish Youth (GenDa): A Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study of Danish Children and Adolescents Referred to a National Gender Identity Service.

In recent years, the national Gender Identity Service for individuals under 18 years of age in Denmark has seen a considerable increase in referrals of youngsters during puberty. Given this development, it is important to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of contemporary youngsters seeking help for gender incongruence. This understanding can serve as the foundation for improving current treatment regimens by ensuring optimal individual assessment and care.

Serum Insulin-like Factor 3, Testosterone, and LH in Experimental and Therapeutic Testicular Suppression.

Background: Serum insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a Leydig cell biomarker, but little is known about the circulating concentration of INSL3 during hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular suppression.

Aim: To study the concomitant changes in serum concentrations of INSL3, testosterone, and LH during experimental and therapeutic testicular suppression.

Methods: We included serum samples from 3 different cohorts comprising subjects before and after testicular suppression: (1) 6 healthy young men who were treated with androgens (Sustanon, Aspen Pharma, Dublin, Ireland); 2) 10 transgender girls (male sex assigned at birth) who were treated with 3-monthly GnRH agonist injections (Leuprorelinacetat, Abacus Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark); and (3) 55 patients with prostate cancer who were randomized to surgical castration (bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy) or treatment with GnRH agonist (Triptorelin, Ipsen Pharma, Kista, Sweden).

The Acrosomal Status of Density Purified Spermatozoa Differentiates Men from Couples in IVF and ICSI Treatment and Is Associated with Fecundity.

The acrosome of the spermatozoa is required for fertilization and in the raw ejaculate the percentage of viable acrosome-intact spermatozoa, the acrosomal status, is higher among men with good semen quality. Here we investigated if the acrosomal status of the processed semen preparations used at a fertility clinic can also be informative and whether it is associated with fecundity. The acrosomal status was measured by image cytometry on purified semen samples from couples during in vitro fertilization (IVF) ( = 99) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ( = 107) treatment.

Sleeping disturbances and pharmacological/nonpharmacological interventions in old people.

Sleeping disturbance constitutes a major problem occurring in 25% of people aged over 65. Among the most frequent reasons of insomnia one can mention the overuse of coffee, alcohol, smoking, using some drugs, stress, depression, neurosis, dementia, chronic diseases. Idiopathic insomnia constitutes less than 5% of cases.