Behavioral Nudges to Encourage Appropriate Antimicrobial Use Among Health Professionals in Uganda.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern exacerbated by inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices, particularly in low-resource settings such as Uganda. The research aimed to develop a culturally sensitive behavioral intervention, leveraging a "nudge" strategy, to improve healthcare provider adherence to the 2016 Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG 2016) in five Ugandan hospitals. This intervention formed part of broader antimicrobial stewardship initiatives led by the United States Agency for International Development Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services Program.

Establishing Trust in Pharmaceutical Data with an Independent Verification and Validation Methodology.

Our aim is to demonstrate a general-purpose data and knowledge validation approach that enables reproducible metrics for data and knowledge quality and safety. We researched widely accepted statistical process control methods from high-quality, high-safety industries and applied them to pharmacy prescription data being migrated between EHRs. Natural language medication instructions from prescriptions were independently categorized by two terminologists as a first step toward encoding those medication instructions using standardized terminology.

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and image biomarker discovery.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning, has the potential to revolutionize biomedical research. Defined as the ability to "mimic" human intelligence by machines executing trained algorithms, AI methods are deployed for biomarker discovery.

Objective: We detail the advancements and challenges in the use of AI for biomarker discovery in ovarian and pancreatic cancer.

Impact of early dose intensity reduction of Palbociclib on clinical outcomes in patients with hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Palbociclib is commonly added to an aromatase inhibitor (AI) as first-line therapy in ER + HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). There are no data on the effect of the relative dose intensity (RDI) of palbociclib in first-line setting on clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore the association of RDI and dose reduction of palbociclib in the first-line setting with PFS.

Additional B-cell malignancies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL).

Family and migration studies suggest a genetic risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). We hypothesized that CLL patients have an increased risk of additional clonally unrelated B-cell malignancies. To test this, we studied 467 CLL patients (2743 person-years (PYs)) at a single institution over 17 years.