Potential Therapies for Infectious Diseases Based on Targeting Immune Evasion Mechanisms That Pathogens Have in Common With Cancer Cells.

Many global infectious diseases are not well-controlled, underlining a critical need for new, more effective therapies. Pathogens and pathogen-infected host cells, like cancer cells, evade immune surveillance via immune evasion mechanisms. The present study indicates that pathogenic bacteria, endoparasites, and virus-infected host cells can have immune evasion mechanisms in common with cancers.

Pre-clinical Models for Malignant Mesothelioma Research: From Chemical-Induced to Patient-Derived Cancer Xenografts.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease often associated with environmental exposure to asbestos and other erionite fibers. MM has a long latency period prior to manifestation and a poor prognosis. The survival post-diagnosis is often less than a year.

Patient-derived Hormone-naive Prostate Cancer Xenograft Models Reveal Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 10 as an Androgen Receptor-repressed Gene Driving the Development of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Although androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in controlling growth of hormone-naive prostate cancers (HNPCs) in patients, currently incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) inevitably develops.

Objective: To identify CRPC driver genes that may provide new targets to enhance CRPC therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of HNPCs that develop CRPC following host castration were examined for changes in expression of genes at various time points after castration using transcriptome profiling analysis; particular attention was given to pre-CRPC changes in expression indicative of genes acting as potential CRPC drivers.

Heterochromatin Protein 1α Mediates Development and Aggressiveness of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer arising mostly from adenocarcinoma via neuroendocrine transdifferentiation following androgen deprivation therapy. Mechanisms contributing to both NEPC development and its aggressiveness remain elusive. In light of the fact that hyperchromatic nuclei are a distinguishing histopathologic feature of NEPC, we utilized transcriptomic analyses of our patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, multiple clinical cohorts, and genetically engineered mouse models to identify 36 heterochromatin-related genes that are significantly enriched in NEPC.