Regulatory responses to ultra-processed foods are skewed towards behaviour change and not food system transformation.

Growing evidence suggests that diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are harming human and planetary health. UPFs therefore pose a complex regulatory challenge, yet, to date, little research has systematically assessed how governments have responded to UPFs in national food policies. Here we analyse data from the NOURISHING database to assess the scope and strength of UPF-related regulatory interventions worldwide, using three frameworks-namely, NOURISHING, the Nuffield Ladder and the Modalities of Control framework.

Improving the Depth and Reliability of Glycopeptide Identification Using Protein Prospector.

Glycosylation is the most common and diverse modification of proteins. It can affect protein function and stability and is associated with many diseases. While proteomic methods to study most post-translational modifications are now quite mature, glycopeptide analysis is still a challenge, particularly from the aspect of data analysis.

The updated understanding of advanced maternal age.

The rising rates of pregnancies associated with advanced maternal age (AMA) have created unique challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. The elevated risk of poor maternal outcomes among AMA pregnancies is only partially understood and hotly debated. Specifically, AMA is associated with reduced fertility and an increased incidence of pregnancy complications.

GLUT1 exacerbates trophoblast ferroptosis by modulating AMPK/ACC mediated lipid metabolism and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus associated fetal growth restriction.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with several fetal complications, such as macrosomia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Infants from GDM associated FGR are at increased risk for adult-onset obesity and associated metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of GDM associated FGR remain to be explored.

The inflammatory microenvironment of the lung at the time of infection governs innate control of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Severity of COVID-19 is affected by multiple factors; however, it is not understood how the inflammatory milieu of the lung at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure affects the control of viral replication. Here, we demonstrate that immune events in the mouse lung closely preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection affect viral control and identify innate immune pathways that limit viral replication. Pulmonary inflammatory stimuli including resolved, antecedent respiratory infections with or influenza, ongoing pulmonary infection, ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma, or airway administration of TLR ligands and recombinant cytokines all establish an antiviral state in the lung that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication.