Earth System Model Analysis of How Astronomical Forcing Is Imprinted Onto the Marine Geological Record: The Role of the Inorganic (Carbonate) Carbon Cycle and Feedbacks.

Astronomical cycles are strongly expressed in marine geological records, providing important insights into Earth system dynamics and an invaluable means of constructing age models. However, how various astronomical periods are filtered by the Earth system and the mechanisms by which carbon reservoirs and climate components respond, particularly in absence of dynamic ice sheets, is unclear. Using an Earth system model that includes feedbacks between climate, ocean circulation, and inorganic (carbonate) carbon cycling relevant to geological timescales, we systematically explore the impact of astronomically modulated insolation forcing and its expression in model variables most comparable to key paleoceanographic proxies (temperature, the δC of inorganic carbon, and sedimentary carbonate content).

Potential of a gypsum-free composting process of wheat straw for mushroom production.

Wheat straw based composting generates a selective substrate for mushroom production. The first phase of this process requires 5 days, and a reduction in time is wished. Here, we aim at understanding the effect of gypsum on the duration of the first phase and the mechanism behind it.

Modified UroVysion scoring criteria increase the urothelial carcinoma detection rate in cases of equivocal urinary cytology.

Aims: UroVysion(®) is a four-target fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in urinary cytology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the UC detection rate of a modified UroVysion test in patients with equivocal urinary cytology. The modification comprised the addition of a cytological prescreening technique and different evaluation criteria.

Novel approach to 5-substituted proline derivatives using a silver-catalyzed cyclization as the key step.

A novel synthetic approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolines is described. The methodology involves a Ag-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of enantiopure aryl-substituted acetylene-containing amino acids. It has also been shown that the obtained pyrrolines can be efficiently transformed into the corresponding saturated 5-aryl-substituted proline derivatives.

[Intra-amniotic transmission of the human voice].

New acoustic measurements in amniotic environment permit to specify the conditions of transmission of human voices: voices emerge, incompletely covered by a low background noise, but however higher pitched near the placenta. The recognition of phonemes in utero is rather weak, approximately 30 per cent and appreciably identical for all voices and different mode of emission. Therefore this type of recognition is likely to play a minor role: the voices are evenly toneless by lack of high-pitch, and there is no obvious superiority of the intelligibility of direct maternal voice.