Overwintered Are the Main Source for Infestations of the First Fruit Crops of the Season.

The mechanisms allowing the widespread invasive pest to survive from early spring until the availability of the first fruit crops are still unclear. Seasonal biology and population dynamics of were investigated in order to better understand the contribution of the early spring hosts to the infestation of the first fruit crops of the season. We identified hosts available to in early spring and assessed their suitability for the pest oviposition and reproductive success under field and laboratory conditions.

Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: who may benefit? Final results of the randomized Dutch gastric cancer group trial.

Purpose: The extent of lymph node dissection appropriate for gastric cancer is still under debate. We have conducted a randomized trial to compare the results of a limited (D1) and extended (D2) lymph node dissection in terms of morbidity, mortality, long-term survival and cumulative risk of relapse. We have reviewed the results of our trial after follow-up of more than 10 years.

Extended lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer.

Background: Curative resection is the treatment of choice for gastric cancer, but it is unclear whether this operation should include an extended (D2) lymph-node dissection, as recommended by the Japanese medical community, or a limited (D1) dissection. We conducted a randomized trial in 80 Dutch hospitals in which we compared D1 with D2 lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer in terms of morbidity, postoperative mortality, long-term survival, and cumulative risk of relapse after surgery.

Methods: Between August 1989 and July 1993, a total of 996 patients entered the study.

Randomised comparison of morbidity after D1 and D2 dissection for gastric cancer in 996 Dutch patients.

For patients with gastric cancer deemed curable the only treatment option is surgery, but there is disagreement about whether accompanying lymph-node dissection should be limited to the perigastric nodes (D1) or should extend to regional lymph nodes outside the perigastric area (D2). We carried out a multicentre randomised comparison of D1 and D2 dissection. 1078 patients were randomised (539 to each group).

[Diagnostic score for acute appendicitis].

Scoring systems seem to be ideal for supporting diagnosis of acute appendicitis because they are non invasive, require no special equipment and can be used in clinical routine. Several scores for appendicitis have been developed with good results in the original publications. Unfortunately these good results could not be reproduced on a German data base.