An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir in Lactating Influenza Patients.

Influenza infection may lead to serious complications in the postpartum period, therefore, oseltamivir treatment in these patients and their breastfed infants is of great importance. However, the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in postpartum lactating women with acute influenza infection, and the consequent infant exposure to oseltamivir are still unknown, and these data would help in assessing risk and the need for dose adjustment in breastfed infants. Six lactating women with influenza-like symptoms, at a standard dose of 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days, were recruited in this phase IV clinical study during the 2011/2012 H1N1 pandemic seasons.

Application of Sunflower Husk Pellet as a Reducer in Metallurgical Processes.

In relation to the climate policy being introduced, the search for a replacement for solid fossil fuels with renewable raw materials is ongoing. In this study, a potential biomass (sunflower husk pellet) application in the process of copper slag reduction was assessed. For the purpose of raw material characterisation, thermogravimetric tests were carried out and characteristic temperature points were determined with the use of a high-temperature microscope.

[Unusually late presentation esophageal perforations and ruptures].

The aim of this study is to present the treatment modalities of unusual late esophageal perforations and ruptures. The reason for diagnostic delay was misinterpretation of pleural collection, overlooked sclerotherapy, foreign body extraction, and delayed recognition of the true origin of empyema after pneumonectomy. In all instances of transthoracic reinforced or temporary excluded primary repair were successful.

PD-L1 Expression of Lung Cancer Cells, Unlike Infiltrating Immune Cells, Is Stable and Unaffected by Therapy During Brain Metastasis.

Background: Approximately 50% of brain metastases originate from non-small-cell lung cancer. The median survival of patients with brain metastases is 1 month without treatment. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies, such as those targeting the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) axis, are promising in patients with advanced systemic disease but are often preferentially administered to patients with tumors showing PD-L1 positivity.

[Physiologic type reconstruction in upper gastrointestinal caustic strictures].

The authors discuss their experience in the surgical treatment of caustic stenosis in the upper gastrointestinal tract. They present operative solutions using isoperistaltic transverse colonic segment in oesophageal stenosis caused by gastric outlet obstruction, or when these two presented together. Further indications for the above were bronchial or tracheo-oesophageal fistulas and oesophageal perforation.