[Franche Comté hospitals between conquest and revolution. Apogee and architectural refinement].

In the architecture of hospitals, Franche Comté has a particular part: sumptuous 'baroque' structures from the XVIo and XVIIo centuries are specifically captivating by some historical, political, geographical and human reasons.

[The hospital law of December 21, 1941: origins, consequences].

The first law about the organization of the French hospitals dates back to 1796 with the French Revolution which asserts the powerful administrative commission, chaired by the mayor of each town. In 1941, the new law created the job of director whose task was to apply the decisions of the commission. In the same time, the hospital practice was no longer free and the practitioners were chosen by medical boards of examiners.

[Articular reconstructions by a costochondral grafting (or osteochondral costal grafting)].

We describe a novel technique of costochondral autografting for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthritis, radioscaphoid osteoarthritis, malunion of the distal end of the radius, and osteoarticular loss of the MP joints of long fingers. The costal graft harvest technique is always the same. A 5-cm horizontal incision is made over the 9th rib, and the rib is exposed at the osteocartilaginous junction.

[Air cleanliness in operating rooms: on-site controls and biological testing].

Air cleanliness control in operating rooms is based on air filtration, and targets the lowest density of particules and bacteria. Legally, the equipment must be periodically verified during periods of inactivity. Most airborne bacteria are of human origin.

[The centralization of medical studies in universities under Napoleon I. History and consequences].

The so called "Loi du 19 ventose au XI" is two centuries old. It is a very important text of the French universitary story. It stands out the end of the Revolution in the medical studies.