Three-dimensional view of microglia-amyloid plaque interactions.

Recent gene expression studies have revealed about 10 different states of microglia, some of which are characteristic for Alzheimer-like amyloid plaque pathology. However, it is not presently known how these translate into morphological features that would reflect microglia interaction with amyloid plaques. With optimized conditions for confocal microscopy in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice we reveal new details of how microglia processes interact with amyloid plaques.

RFX6 haploinsufficiency predisposes to diabetes through impaired beta cell function.

Aims/hypothesis: Regulatory factor X 6 (RFX6) is crucial for pancreatic endocrine development and differentiation. The RFX6 variant p.His293LeufsTer7 is significantly enriched in the Finnish population, with almost 1:250 individuals as a carrier.

Prenatal, newborn and childhood factors and the timing of puberty in boys and girls.

Background: Our aim was to determine if prenatal factors, gestational age, birth weight and length, and childhood body mass index (BMI) are associated with the timing of puberty.

Methods: Our population-based study comprised 4826 girls and 5112 boys born between 1997 and 2002. Multiple linear regression modeled the relationships between the maternal and child predictors and the age at peak height velocity (PHV).

Central precocious puberty in boys: secular trend and clinical features.

Objective: Recent studies suggest that boys enter puberty at a younger age, and the incidence of male central precocious puberty (CPP) is increasing. In this study, we explore the incidence of male CPP and identify key clinical and auxological indicators for organic CPP (OCPP).

Design: A retrospective registry-based study.

During an 18-month course of automated insulin delivery treatment, children aged 2 to 6 years achieve and maintain a higher time in tight range.

Aims: To investigate whether the positive effects on glycaemic outcomes of 3-month automated insulin delivery (AID) achieved in 2- to 6-year-old children endure over an extended duration and how AID treatment affects time in tight range (TITR), defined as 3.9-7.8 mmol/L.