Defining Kidney Health Dimensions and their Associations with Adverse Outcomes in Persons with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Individual kidney tubule biomarkers are associated with risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and mortality in persons with diabetes. Integrating multiple kidney biomarkers using a latent variable method of exploratory factor analysis could define distinct dimensions of kidney health, and their associations with adverse outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a factor analysis of 17 candidate urine and plasma biomarkers in 1,256 participants with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60ml/min/1.

Effect of Liners on Pulpal Outcome After Partial Caries Removal in Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Partial caries removal reduces the risk of pulp exposure while preserving the tooth structure that is otherwise unnecessarily lost during the cavity preparation. Liners are applied on the dentinal floors to induce the formation of tertiary dentin that effectively blocks the stimuli from reaching the pulp. The present systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of liners on pulp vitality after partial caries removal in permanent teeth.

Infections in Standard or Tapered Dose of Prednisolone for Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Randomized Trial (STASH Trial).

Objectives: Current guidance recommends a 40-mg dose of prednisolone (or equivalent) for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH), while infections are not uncommon in them. The benefits of a rapid prednisolone tapering regimen in mitigating infection in patients with AAH are unknown. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of infection by day 90.

Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Melatonin, also known as the pineal hormone, is secreted by the pineal gland and primarily regulates circadian rhythms. Additionally, it possesses immunomodulatory properties and anticancer effects. However, its specific mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, particularly regarding its effect on HCC-mediated immune escape through PD-L1 expression.

Differential Impact of Hospitalization on Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR.

Background: Cystatin C has entered mainstream clinical care as a measure of kidney function, joining serum creatinine which has been used for almost a century. But many physicians notice that eGFRCr and eGFRCys values can differ considerably. Hospitalization with critical illness is known to acutely decrease eGFRdiff (eGFRCys - eGFRCr).