[Diagnostics and treatment of the functional autonomy of the thyroid gland].

Functional autonomy of the thyroid gland (FATG) remains an important problem due to iodine deficiency over the whole territory of Russian Federation and the fact that iodine prophylaxis has not been conducted for a long period of time. Since iodine deficiency affects the thyroid gland (TG) as a whole, the formation of nodules is not limited to a single lobe, but leads to the development of multinodular goiter, the main feature of which is morphological and functional heterogeneity of TG tissue. Active cell proliferation in the iodine deficiency related goiter is associated with an elevated risk of somatic mutations, including activating mutations leading to thyrocyte functional autonomy.

[Galectin-3 in differential diagnosis and prognosis of follicular tumors of the thyroid gland].

Differential diagnosis between follicular thyroid tumours (FTT) is difficult both at cytological and histological levels. Infiltrative growth is authentic criterion of malignancy. Immunohistochemical reaction (PAP-method) with galectin-3 antibodies was used.

[Osteopathy in diabetic foot syndrome].

Morphological characteristics of bone tissues were studied in the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2). Osteoblasts and osteoclasts prevalence, the presence of collagen type III in the composition of newly formed bone were characteristic for DM1. Osteocytes prevalence and abundant granulation tissue in newly formed bone was a feature of DM2.

[Target thin-needle puncture biopsy in diagnosis of thyroid cancer].

One hundred medical histories of patients with thyroid cancer (TC) were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the variant of thin-needle biopsy technique (TNB). In group 1TNB was performed with "blind" method (with palpation control)--43 cases, in group 2 target TNB (ultrasound-guided) was carried out--57 cases.

[Clinical and morphological characteristics of thyroid adenomatosis].

Surgical (374 cases) and puncture (6148 cases) material from patients with multinodular goiter was studied. Definitions and a working classification characterizing morphological and cytological signs of adenomatous goiter were formulated. Prognostic significance of thyroid adenomatosis and approaches to its treatment in multinodular goiter are shown.