The learning curve for the Shouldice Repair: a pilot analysis of post-training specialized surgeons at the Shouldice Hospital.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate operative time and postoperative complications of 4 post-training specialized surgeons.

Methods: This was a pilot retrospective chart review to determine the learning curve of a Shouldice primary inguinal hernia repair (Shouldice Repair) of 4 post-training specialized surgeons, at the Shouldice Hospital. The first 300 Shouldice Repairs (early learning block) were compared to their 900-1,000 repairs as the primary operating surgeon (late learning block).

Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in the Treatment of Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Single Center Real-World Experience.

Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion is a relatively new treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease. We aimed to describe and analyze the characteristics of de novo levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel therapy in 20 consecutive patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. We assessed the profile of motor complications by evaluating the following: motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, and the freezing phenomenon at baseline (before the testing period) and before discharge.

Starting with 24-h levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel at initiation in a large cohort of advanced Parkinson's disease patients.

Continuous intra-jejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a long-term proven and effective treatment in advanced Parkinson's Disease (APD). Efficacy and safety of 16-h administration of LCIG has already been established. Additional benefits of 24-h LCIG administration have been reported in several case series and small clinical studies.