Spin-dependent reactivity and spin-flipping dynamics in oxygen atom scattering from graphite.

The formation of two-electron chemical bonds requires the alignment of spins. Hence, it is well established for gas-phase reactions that changing a molecule's electronic spin state can dramatically alter its reactivity. For reactions occurring at surfaces, which are of great interest during, among other processes, heterogeneous catalysis, there is an absence of definitive state-to-state experiments capable of observing spin conservation and therefore the role of electronic spin in surface chemistry remains controversial.

Long-term efficacy and safety of α1 proteinase inhibitor treatment for emphysema caused by severe α1 antitrypsin deficiency: an open-label extension trial (RAPID-OLE).

Background: Purified α1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) slowed emphysema progression in patients with severe α1 antitrypsin deficiency in a randomised controlled trial (RAPID-RCT), which was followed by an open-label extension trial (RAPID-OLE). The aim was to investigate the prolonged treatment effect of A1PI on the progression of emphysema as assessed by the loss of lung density in relation to RAPID-RCT.

Methods: Patients who had received either A1PI treatment (Zemaira or Respreeza; early-start group) or placebo (delayed-start group) in the RAPID-RCT trial were included in this 2-year open-label extension trial (RAPID-OLE).

[International standards for tuberculosis management].

International Standards for TB Care describe the international accepted levels of care for TB patients and suspects. The basic principles are the same worldwide: early correct diagnosis, standardized treatment insuring support and supervision, monitoring of the treatment results and highlighting all the public health responsibilities. The Standards provide the possibility to adhere to policies and practices necessary for an efficient control of the disease by all factors involved, including private or other areas.

[The tuberculosis endemic and its control in the city of Bucharest in 1996].

Tuberculosis is one of the main problems of public health and the population has to face it in one of the biggest crowded town in Romania, Bucharest. It is also the capital of the country. An increasing tendency has appeared in the number of cases and deaths due to tuberculosis.