Selective dorsal rhizotomy after baclofen intrathecal pump removal: a single-center experience and review of the literature.

Purpose: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump placement are two surgical options in children affected by spasticity secondary to cerebral palsy . The latest literature is an enlarging indication for SDR in case of ITB failure in non-ambulant patients as an alternative to pump reimplantation to reduce spasticity and facilitate patients' care.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study has screened all children diagnosed with spastic tetraparesis who underwent in the last 10 years SDR and had previously ITB pump implanted.

Simultaneous Robotic-Assisted Laser Thermal Ablation of Multiple Cortical Tubers for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in a 17-Year-Old Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a new minimally invasive treatment for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated epilepsy in children. This video describes a case of a 17-year-old girl with TSC-associated drug-resistant epilepsy treated with robotic-assisted MRgLITT. In our case, MRgLITT was safe and effective in simultaneous targeting of multiple epileptic tubers in 1 single procedure, leading to a marked decrease in seizure frequency.

Neuroimaging in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: Key Concepts to Unlock Innovation.

Craniosynostoses (CRS) are caused by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, with isolated nonsyndromic CRS accounting for most of the clinical manifestations. Such premature suture fusion impacts both skull and brain morphology and involves regions far beyond the immediate area of fusion. The combined use of different neuroimaging tools allows for an accurate depiction of the most prominent clinical-radiological features in nonsyndromic CRS but can also contribute to a deeper investigation of more subtle alterations in the underlying nervous tissue organization that may impact normal brain development.

Giant tumefactive mesencephalothalamic Virchow-Robin space with triventricular hydrocephalus: a case-based systematic literature review.

Background: The perivascular spaces of the brain are also known as Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs). Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in the brainstem are rare and mainly cause symptoms due to obstructive hydrocephalus, less frequently because of their size, mass effect, and impact on eloquent structures.

Case Illustration: We present a patient with giant tumefactive VRS with hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms who was treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) followed by microscopic cyst fenestration.