The quality of non-prescription medicine counselling in Finnish pharmacies - a simulated patient study.

Background: Medication counselling provided by pharmacists is important for ensuring the safe use of medicines.

Objective: To assess the quality of non-prescription medicines counselling in Finnish pharmacies.

Methods: Three scenarios using simulated patient methodology were conducted: the patient requesting a specific brand name Burana® (ibuprofen, OTC medicine), Pronaxen® (naproxen, behind-the-counter (BTC) medicine) and a nasal spray.

Language and the Moving Body: Directive Actions With the Finnish "look" in Nature-Related Activities.

The article explores how social interaction is accomplished through intertwined verbal and bodily conduct, focusing on directive actions that include a second-person imperative form of the Finnish verb "to look," typically . The study draws on video recordings of various outdoor activities in nature, mostly from family interaction with small children, and employs interactional linguistics and conversation analysis as its analytic framework. The directive actions in focus are produced (1) as noticings, to initiate a new course of action by directing the recipient to look at and possibly talk about a target that the speaker treats as newsworthy; (2) as showings, to initiate an evaluative course of action by directing the recipient to look at and align with the speaker's stance toward the target; or (3) as prompts, to contribute to an ongoing course of action by directing the recipient to do something relevant to or with the target.

How is family interaction analysed as a risk factor for schizophrenia? A cross-method comparison.

In this paper, we compare two methodological approaches - Conversation Analysis (CA) and the Communication Deviance (CD) Scale - in detecting confusing family interaction, which is considered one of the risk factors for schizophrenia. CA is a method for identifying and describing actions in interaction, whereas the CD Scale presents the criteria for identifying communication defects in the field of schizophrenia research. Our aim is to determine whether the approaches resonate with and could complement each other in analysing the same interactional data - i.

Medication management in comprehensive schools in Finland: teachers' perceptions.

Objective: Many children who take medication require it during school time, and their participation in school activities could depend on it. The aim of this study was to identify whether schools have guidelines for medication management and to explore teachers' perceptions about medication administration practices and the characteristics affecting these practices using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory as the framework.

Methods: A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted in Finland in 2010 covering a representative sample of comprehensive school teachers (n = 1700).

Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano- and submicron-size TiO2 particles.

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is included in some sunscreen formulations to physically block ultraviolet radiation. A dermal penetration study was conducted in minipigs with three TiO(2) particles (uncoated submicron sized, uncoated nano-sized, and dimethicone/methicone copolymer-coated nanosized) applied 5% by weight in a sunscreen. These and control formulations were topically applied to minipigs at 2 mg cream/cm(2) skin (4 applications/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks).