Non-dialyzable uremic toxins and renal tubular cell damage in CKD patients: a systems biology approach.

Background: Chronic kidney disease presents global health challenges, with hemodialysis as a common treatment. However, non-dialyzable uremic toxins demand further investigation for new therapeutic approaches. Renal tubular cells require scrutiny due to their vulnerability to uremic toxins.

Enhancing bladder cancer diagnosis through transitional cell carcinoma polyp detection and segmentation: an artificial intelligence powered deep learning solution.

Background: Bladder cancer, specifically transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) polyps, presents a significant healthcare challenge worldwide. Accurate segmentation of TCC polyps in cystoscopy images is crucial for early diagnosis and urgent treatment. Deep learning models have shown promise in addressing this challenge.

Female anterior wall onlay urethroplasty with lower lip buccal mucosal graft: Importance of the laterally extended incision.

Objective: To describe the outcome of female anterior wall (pubic side) onlay urethroplasty with buccal mucosal graft using laterally extended surgical dissection in patients with previously failed minimally invasive techniques.

Methods: From January 2016 to April 2018, 17 symptomatic patients with previously failed minimally invasive procedures were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of urethral stricture was confirmed based on a combination of patients' symptoms, post-void residual urine, video-urodynamics, and cystoscopy.