[Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing-Step by Step].

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is a non-invasive simultaneous measurement of the cardiovascular and respiratory system during exercise to assess a patient's exercise capacity.It is used in a wide spectrum of clinical applications for the objective determination of functional capacity and impairment. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing involves measurements of respiratory oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and other cardiopulmonary and metabolic measures during a symptom-limited exercise test.

Insufficient control of exercise intensity by heart rate monitoring in cardiac patients.

Objectives: To test the reliability of heart rate (HR) recommendations for cardiac rehabilitation training obtained from different treadmill tests.

Background: For training in cardiac rehabilitation, HR recommendations are derived from cardio-pulmonary tests. Exercise intensity is often controlled through self-monitoring HR by the cardiac patients.

Determination of r DNA hirudin and A-human thrombin- hirudin complex in plasma samples: enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for hirudin and complex vs. chromogenic thrombin substrate assay.

rDNA hirudin plasma concentrations in man and rhesus monkeys were determined over a period of 15 and 24 h. The plasma concentration of alpha-human thrombin-hirudin complex was measured after administration of the complex to rhesus monkeys. The complex was also determined after administration of hirudin to man and rhesus monkeys to study a possible formation of a complex with alpha-human thrombin in blood.